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Types of faulting. Anderson's theory of faulting, devised by Ernest Masson Anderson in 1905, is a way of classifying geological faults by use of principal stress. [1] [2] A fault is a fracture in the surface of the Earth that occurs when rocks break under extreme stress. [3] Movement of rock along the fracture occurs in faults.
Ernest Masson Anderson FRSE FGS (1877–1960) was a Scottish geologist. Ernest was born in Falkirk and educated at Falkirk High School and the High School of Dundee before attending the University of Edinburgh , where he received a B.Sc. in 1897, an M.A. in mathematics and natural philosophy in 1898, and a D.Sc. in 1933.
Anderson's theory of faulting; Aseismic creep; Fault block – Large blocks of rock created by tectonic and localized stresses in Earth's crust; Fault scarp – Small vertical offset on the ground surface; Joint – Type of fracture in rock; Mitigation of seismic motion; Mountain formation – Geological processes that underlie the formation of ...
Low angle normal faulting is not explained by [[Anderson's theory of faulting|Andersonian fault mechanics]]. [8] However, slip on low angle normal faults could be facilitated by fluid pressure, as well as by weakness of minerals in wall rocks. Detachment faults may also initiate on reactivated thrust fault surfaces. [7]
In common with most other articles on faulting, this needs a rewrite. It repeats parts of other articles and is unclear in parts and incorrect in others. For example, earthquakes are not the result of grinding of the fault walls as they move, it's a result of the sudden release of stored elastic strain energy when the fault ruptures after a ...
In geology, the elastic-rebound theory is an explanation for how energy is released during an earthquake. As the Earth's crust deforms, the rocks which span the opposing sides of a fault are subjected to shear stress. Slowly they deform, until their internal rigidity is exceeded.
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A tectonic earthquake begins by an initial rupture at a point on the fault surface, a process known as nucleation. The scale of the nucleation zone is uncertain, with some evidence, such as the rupture dimensions of the smallest earthquakes, suggesting that it is smaller than 100 m while other evidence, such as a slow component revealed by low-frequency spectra of some earthquakes, suggest ...