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  2. Cardiac index - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_index

    Cardiac index is a critical parameter in evaluating cardiac performance and the adequacy of tissue perfusion. In healthy adults, the normal range of cardiac index is generally between 2.6 to 4.2 L/min/m². Values below this range may indicate hypoperfusion and are often seen in conditions such as heart failure, hypovolemia, and cardiogenic shock.

  3. Wiggers diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiggers_diagram

    Ventricular volume; Electrocardiogram; Arterial flow (optional) Heart sounds (optional) The Wiggers diagram clearly illustrates the coordinated variation of these values as the heart beats, assisting one in understanding the entire cardiac cycle. [1]

  4. Aortic valve area calculation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aortic_valve_area_calculation

    From these, it is easy to calculate the area (in cm 2) of the aortic valve by simply dividing the LV stroke volume (in cm 3) by the AV VTI (in cm) measured on the spectral Doppler display using continuous-wave Doppler. [citation needed] Stroke volume = 0.785(π/4) x Diameter 2 x VTI of LVOT Cross sectional area of LVOT = 0.785(π/4) x LVOT ...

  5. Doctors Explain What Prostate Cancer Screenings Involve

    www.aol.com/doctors-explain-prostate-cancer...

    The PSA test is often paired with a digital rectal exam (DRE), where a doctor inserts their finger into the rectum to feel the prostate gland. “We look for any bumps or lumps or any signs of ...

  6. 10 Warning Signs of Prostate Cancer, According to Doctors - AOL

    www.aol.com/lifestyle/10-warning-signs-prostate...

    PSA levels between 4 and 10 suggest you could have about a 25 percent chance of prostate cancer, and levels over 10 signal that your chance of having the cancer is more than 50 percent.

  7. Heart rate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_rate

    A medical monitoring device displaying a normal human heart rate. Heart rate is the frequency of the heartbeat measured by the number of contractions of the heart per minute (beats per minute, or bpm). The heart rate varies according to the body's physical needs, including the need to absorb oxygen and excrete carbon dioxide.

  8. Cardiac output - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_output

    Major factors influencing cardiac output – heart rate and stroke volume, both of which are variable. [1]In cardiac physiology, cardiac output (CO), also known as heart output and often denoted by the symbols , ˙, or ˙, [2] is the volumetric flow rate of the heart's pumping output: that is, the volume of blood being pumped by a single ventricle of the heart, per unit time (usually measured ...

  9. Cardiac function curve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_function_curve

    This allows the heart to cope with the required cardiac output at a relatively low right atrial pressure. We get what is known as a family of cardiac function curves, as the heart rate increases before the plateau is reached, and without the RAP having to rise dramatically to stretch the heart more and get the Starling effect. [citation needed]