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Thermophoresis in liquid mixtures was first observed and reported by Carl Ludwig in 1856 and further understood by Charles Soret in 1879. James Clerk Maxwell wrote in 1873 concerning mixtures of different types of molecules (and this could include small particulates larger than molecules):
The molecules in a drop of food coloring added to water will eventually disperse throughout the entire medium, where the effects of molecular diffusion are more evident. However, stirring the mixture with a spoon will create turbulent flows in the water that accelerate the process of dispersion through convection-dominated dispersion.
The collected water molecules are transported from leaf surfaces to an internal storage network via osmotic pressure with capacity sufficient for the plant's growing requirements. [ 1 ] The file snake ( Acrochordus granulatus ), from a family known as completely aquatic, has hygroscopic skin that serves as a water reservoir, retarding ...
In the pharynx, the food is lubricated by mucus secretions for easier passage. The esophagus adds calcium carbonate to neutralize the acids formed by food matter decay. Temporary storage occurs in the crop where food and calcium carbonate are mixed. The powerful muscles of the gizzard churn and mix the mass of food and dirt.
Extracellular phototropic digestion is a process in which saprobionts feed by secreting enzymes through the cell membrane onto the food. The enzymes catalyze the digestion of the food, i.e., diffusion, transport, osmotrophy or phagocytosis. Since digestion occurs outside the cell, it is said to be extracellular.
A form of active transport and bulk transport in which a cell transports molecules out of the cell by expelling them through an energy-dependent process. exogenous (of a substance or process) Originating outside of or external to a system (such as an organism, tissue, or cell), as with drugs and many pathogens. Contrast endogenous. exponential ...
A fluid system in which liquid droplets are dispersed in a liquid. Note 1: The definition is based on the definition in ref. [2] Note 2: The droplets may be amorphous, liquid-crystalline, or any mixture thereof. Note 3: The diameters of the droplets constituting the dispersed phase usually range from approximately 10 nm to 100 μm; i.e., the ...
A liquid mixture of nitric acid (HNO 3) and hydrochloric acid (HCl), optimally in a molar ratio of 1:3, so named by historical alchemists because it is capable of dissolving the noble metals gold and platinum. aquation The process by which water molecules solvate or form coordination complexes with ions. [3] aqueous solution A solution in which ...