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XVA Desks - A New Era for Risk Management. Palgrave Macmillan UK. ISBN 978-1-137-44819-4. Antoine Savine and Jesper Andreasen (2021). Modern Computational Finance: Scripting for Derivatives and XVA. Wiley. ISBN 978-1119540786. Donald J. Smith (2017). Valuation in a World of CVA, DVA, and FVA: A Tutorial on Debt Securities and Interest Rate ...
A Credit valuation adjustment (CVA), [a] in financial mathematics, is an "adjustment" to a derivative's price, as charged by a bank to a counterparty to compensate it for taking on the credit risk of that counterparty during the life of the transaction. "CVA" can refer more generally to several related concepts, as delineated aside.
Derivatives can be used either for risk management (i.e. to "hedge" by providing offsetting compensation in case of an undesired event, a kind of "insurance") or for speculation (i.e. making a financial "bet"). This distinction is important because the former is a prudent aspect of operations and financial management for many firms across many ...
Collateral management is the method of granting, verifying, and giving advice on collateral transactions in order to reduce credit risk in unsecured financial transactions. The fundamental idea of collateral management is very simple, that is cash or securities are passed from one counterparty to another as security for a credit exposure. [ 9 ]
The scope here - ie in non-financial firms [12] - is thus broadened [9] [67] [68] (re banking) to overlap enterprise risk management, and financial risk management then addresses risks to the firm's overall strategic objectives, incorporating various (all) financial aspects [69] of the exposures and opportunities arising from business decisions ...
Financial instruments are monetary contracts between parties. They can be created, traded, modified and settled. They can be cash (currency), evidence of an ownership, interest in an entity or a contractual right to receive or deliver in the form of currency (forex); debt (bonds, loans); equity (); or derivatives (options, futures, forwards).
All traditional risk-management tools (insurance, asset-liability management, portfolio etc.) cannot prevent systemic risk, while foreign exchange derivatives can efficiently avoid systemic risk by hedging the currency rates, which is brought by the adverse change of the prices in basic goods market.
Remember that an estimator for the price of a derivative is a random variable, and in the framework of a risk-management activity, uncertainty on the price of a portfolio of derivatives and/or on its risks can lead to suboptimal risk-management decisions. This state of affairs can be mitigated by variance reduction techniques.