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Promethazine, sold under the brand name Phenergan among others, is a first-generation antihistamine, sedative, and antiemetic used to treat allergies, insomnia, and nausea. It may also help with some symptoms associated with the common cold [ 4 ] and may also be used for sedating people who are agitated or anxious, an effect that has led to ...
8-Chlorotheophylline, also known as 1,3-dimethyl-8-chloroxanthine, is a stimulant drug of the xanthine chemical class, with physiological effects similar to caffeine. [1] Its main use is in combination (salt) with diphenhydramine in the antiemetic dimenhydrinate (Dramamine).
It was developed in Czechoslovakia [2] and sold in hydrochloride form as an antihistamine (Alfadryl). It is, with 8-chlorotheophylline , a component of cocrystal/salt moxastine teoclate (mephenhydrinate) used as antiemetic (Theadryl; Kinedryl (with caffeine)).
They called for further research on the subject, as chlorpromazine is a cheap benchmark drug and one of the most used treatments for schizophrenia worldwide. [15] Chlorpromazine has also been used in porphyria and as part of tetanus treatment. It is still recommended for short-term management of severe anxiety and psychotic aggression.
The use of sedating drugs alongside hydroxyzine can cause oversedation and confusion if administered at high doses—any form of hydroxyzine treatment alongside sedatives should be done under the supervision of a doctor. [28] [25] Because of the potential for more severe side effects, this drug is on the list to avoid in the elderly. [29]
Depending on the dose, the drug can produce paradoxical effects, including CNS stimulation or depression. Most antihistamines exhibit some type of anticholinergic activity. Antihistamines act by competitively binding to H 1-receptor sites, thus blocking the binding of endogenous histamine. Antihistamines do not chemically inactivate or prevent ...
Today, Triprolidine is used less frequently and has been replaced in popular medications by other antihistamines like Diphenhydramine, Promethazine, Chlorpheniramine, as well as second generation antihistamines like Loratadine and Fexofenadine. Triprolidine remains an ingredient in the cold medicine Actifed in many territories.
Alternatively, the last step can be replaced by a reductive N-alkylation with 3-methylbenzaldehyde. The reductive agent is hydrogen, and Raney nickel is used as a catalyst. [28] [29] Meclizine is obtained and used as a racemate, a 1:1 mixture of the two stereoisomers. Drug forms contain the racemic dihydrochloride. [citation needed]
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