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The arthropod head problem has been tackled in three main ways in this regard, first by using genetic segmental markers to probe the obscure region in front of the mouth, especially in insects; second by looking at Hox gene expression patterns to detect patterns of homology among different arthropods; and third, by studying gene expression in ...
Nevertheless, despite being known from many specimens, disputes about its morphology, in particular its head appendages, have made it one of the most controversial of the Chengjiang taxa, and it has been discussed extensively in the context of the arthropod head problem. The genus is named after Fuxian Lake (Fuxian Hu), where it was unearthed.
Unsolved problems relating to the structure and function of non-human organs, processes and biomolecules include: Korarchaeota (archaea). The metabolic processes of this phylum of archaea are so far unclear. Glycogen body. The function of this structure in the spinal cord of birds is not known. Arthropod head problem. A long-standing zoological ...
In chelicerates and crustaceans, the cephalothorax is derived from the fusion of the cephalon and the thorax, and is usually covered by a single unsegmented carapace.In relation with the arthropod head problem, phylogeny studies show that members of the Malacostraca class of crustaceans have five segments in the cephalon, when not fused with the thorax to form a cephalothorax.
Arthropod eyes Head of a wasp with three ocelli (center), and compound eyes at the left and right. Most arthropods have sophisticated visual systems that include one or more usually both of compound eyes and pigment-cup ocelli ("little eyes"). In most cases, ocelli are only capable of detecting the direction from which light is coming, using ...
An instar (/ ˈ ɪ n s t ɑːr / ⓘ, from the Latin īnstar 'form, likeness') is a developmental stage of arthropods, such as insects, which occurs between each moult (ecdysis) until sexual maturity is reached. [1] Arthropods must shed the exoskeleton in order to grow or assume a new form. Differences between instars can often be seen in ...
The head contained the brain and carried sensory and feeding appendages. The trunk bore the appendages responsible for locomotion and respiration ( gills in aquatic species). In almost all modern arthropods, the trunk is further divided into a "thorax" and an "abdomen", with the thorax bearing the main locomotory appendages.
The subphylum Hexapoda (from Greek for 'six legs') or hexapods comprises the largest clade of arthropods and includes most of the extant arthropod species. It includes the crown group class Insecta (true insects), as well as the much smaller clade Entognatha, which includes three classes of wingless arthropods that were once considered insects: Collembola (springtails), Protura (coneheads) and ...