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Bleach activation is also known as perhydrolysis. Persalts are inorganic salts that are used as hydrogen peroxide carriers (examples include sodium percarbonate and sodium perborate). Persalts and bleach activators are included together in powder laundry detergents that contain bleach. In the wash, both compounds dissolve in the water.
These compounds release hydrogen peroxide during the wash cycle, but the release of hydrogen peroxide is low when these compounds are used in temperatures below 45 °C (113 °F). TAED and hydrogen peroxide react to form peroxyacetic acid , a more efficient bleach, allowing lower temperature wash cycles, around 40 °C (104 °F).
Compared to TAED, which is the predominant bleach activator used in Europe, NOBS is efficient at much lower temperatures. At 20 °C NOBS is 100 times more soluble than TAED in water. [ 5 ] When attacked by the perhydroxyl anion (from hydrogen peroxide), NOBS forms peroxynonanoic acid (a peroxy acid ) and releases the leaving group sodium 4 ...
It is a less aggressive bleach than sodium hypochlorite and other chlorine-based bleaches, causing less degradation to dyes and textiles. Sodium perborate releases oxygen rapidly at temperatures greater than 60 °C. Addition of the activator, typically tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), makes it active at lower temperatures (40–60 °C).
For materials containing more than 1.0 percent but not more than 7.0 percent hydrogen peroxide, the available oxygen content (O a) is not more than 0.5 percent, when determined using the equation: O a = 16x = where for a material containing k species of organic peroxides:
Benzoyl peroxide is an over the counter, FDA-approved active ingredient used primarily for the treatment of acne, according to board-certified dermatologist Dr. Marguerite Germain. This ingredient ...
Benzoyl peroxide is an oxidizer, which is principally used in the production of polymers. [5] Benzoyl peroxide is mainly used in production of plastics [5] [6] and for bleaching flour, hair, plastics and textiles. [7] [8] As a bleach, it has been used as a medication and a water disinfectant. [6] [8]
A peroxide-based bleach or simply peroxide bleach is any bleach product that is based on the peroxide chemical group, namely two oxygen atoms connected by a single bond, (–O–O–). This bond is fairly weak and is often broken in chemical reactions of peroxides, giving rise to very reactive oxygen species, which are the active agents of the ...
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