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In these trees, each node contains one of the input points. Since the division of the plane is decided by the order of point-insertion, the tree's height is sensitive to and dependent on insertion order. Inserting in a "bad" order can lead to a tree of height linear in the number of input points (at which point it becomes a linked-list).
Height - Length of the path from the root to the deepest node in the tree. A (rooted) tree with only one node (the root) has a height of zero. In the example diagram, the tree has height of 2. Sibling - Nodes that share the same parent node. A node p is an ancestor of a node q if it exists on the path from q to the root. The node q is then ...
The height of the root is the height of the tree. The depth of a node is the length of the path to its root (i.e., its root path). Thus the root node has depth zero, leaf nodes have height zero, and a tree with only a single node (hence both a root and leaf) has depth and height zero. Conventionally, an empty tree (tree with no nodes, if such ...
RB trees require storing one bit of information (the color) in each node, while AVL trees mostly use two bits for the balance factor, although, when stored at the children, one bit with meaning «lower than sibling» suffices. The bigger difference between the two data structures is their height limit. For a tree of size n ≥ 1
If T has left child p and right child q, then p and q are 2–3 trees of the same height; a is greater than each element in p; and; a is less than each data element in q. T is a 3-node with data elements a and b, where a < b. If T has left child p, middle child q, and right child r, then p, q, and r are 2–3 trees of equal height;
Let h ≥ –1 be the height of the classic B-tree (see Tree (data structure) § Terminology for the tree height definition). Let n ≥ 0 be the number of entries in the tree. Let m be the maximum number of children a node can have. Each node can have at most m−1 keys.
For an m-ary tree with height h, the upper bound for the maximum number of leaves is . The height h of an m-ary tree does not include the root node, with a tree containing only a root node having a height of 0. The height of a tree is equal to the maximum depth D of any node in the tree.
Infinite trees considered in automata theory (see e.g. tree (automata theory)) are also set-theoretic trees, with a tree height of up to . A graph-theoretic tree can be turned into a set-theoretic one by choosing a root node r {\displaystyle r} and defining m < n {\displaystyle m<n} if m ≠ n {\displaystyle m\neq n} and m {\displaystyle m ...