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Type A: augmented pharmacological effects, which are dose-dependent and predictable [5]; Type A reactions, which constitute approximately 80% of adverse drug reactions, are usually a consequence of the drug's primary pharmacological effect (e.g., bleeding when using the anticoagulant warfarin) or a low therapeutic index of the drug (e.g., nausea from digoxin), and they are therefore predictable.
This is a list of abbreviations used in medical prescriptions, including hospital orders (the patient-directed part of which is referred to as sig codes).This list does not include abbreviations for pharmaceuticals or drug name suffixes such as CD, CR, ER, XT (See Time release technology § List of abbreviations for those).
Adverse drug reaction. This could occur when a patient has an allergic response to a medication. [7] Inappropriate adherence. This could occur when a patient chooses not to or forgets to take a medication. [7] Needs additional drug therapy. This could occur when a patient needs more medication to treat their condition. [7]
Pharmacovigilance (PV, or PhV), also known as drug safety, is the pharmaceutical science relating to the "collection, detection, assessment, monitoring, and prevention" of adverse effects with pharmaceutical products.
The scheme provides forms that allow members of the public to report suspected side effects, as well as health professionals. [ 6 ] NHS Digital publishes an information standard DCB1582 for electronic submission of adverse reactions by IT systems [ 7 ] (until 2014, this was ISB 1582 from the Information Standards Board). [ 8 ]
The effects can include those manifested within animals (including humans), microorganisms, or combinations of organisms (for example, infection). Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics are the main branches of pharmacology , being itself a topic of biology interested in the study of the interactions of both endogenous and exogenous chemical ...
Artificial intelligence in pharmacy is the application of artificial intelligence (AI) [1] [2] [3] to the discovery, development, and the treatment of patients with medications. [4] AI in pharmacy practices has the potential to revolutionize all aspects of pharmaceutical research as well as to improve the clinical application of pharmaceuticals ...
Process analytical technology (PAT) has been defined by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a mechanism to design, analyze, and control pharmaceutical manufacturing processes through the measurement of critical process parameters (CPP) which affect the critical quality attributes (CQA).