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Koine Greek [a] (ἡ κοινὴ διάλεκτος, hē koinḕ diálektos, lit. ' the common dialect '), [b] also variously known as Hellenistic Greek, common Attic, the Alexandrian dialect, Biblical Greek, Septuagint Greek or New Testament Greek, was the common supra-regional form of Greek spoken and written during the Hellenistic period, the Roman Empire and the early Byzantine Empire.
Despite their different dialects, koineization in Ancient Greece enabled the various Greek political entities to maintain commercial and diplomatic relations.. In linguistics, a koine or koiné language or dialect (pronounced / ˈ k ɔɪ n eɪ /; from Ancient Greek κοινή ' common ') is a standard or common dialect that has arisen as a result of the contact, mixing, and often ...
Ancient Greek in classical antiquity, before the development of the common Koine Greek of the Hellenistic period, was divided into several varieties.. Most of these varieties are known only from inscriptions, but a few of them, principally Aeolic, Doric, and Ionic, are also represented in the literary canon alongside the dominant Attic form of literary Greek.
Koine texts from the background of Jewish culture and religion have distinct features not found in classically rooted writings. These texts include the Septuagint (Greek Old Testament, which includes the Deuterocanonical books), New Testament, Josephus, Philo of Alexandria, the Greek Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, and early Patristic writings.
Attic Greek is the Greek dialect of the ancient region of Attica, including the polis of Athens.Often called classical Greek, it was the prestige dialect of the Greek world for centuries and remains the standard form of the language that is taught to students of ancient Greek.
Medieval Greek is the link between the older vernacular, known as Koine Greek, and Modern Greek. [2] Though Byzantine Greek literature was still strongly influenced by Attic Greek , it was also influenced by vernacular Koine, which is the language of the New Testament and the liturgical language of the Greek Orthodox Church .
While the bulk of surviving public and private inscriptions found in ancient Macedonia were written in Attic Greek (and later in Koine Greek), [7] [8] fragmentary documentation of a vernacular local variety comes from onomastic evidence, ancient glossaries and recent epigraphic discoveries in the Greek region of Macedonia, such as the Pella ...
The Brill Dictionary of Ancient Greek is an English language dictionary of Ancient Greek, translated, with the addition of some entries and improvements, from the third Italian edition of Franco Montanari's GI - Vocabolario della lingua greca. [1] It's mostly a new lexicographical work, not directly based on any previous dictionary. [1]