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Flow visualization is the art of making flow patterns visible. Most fluids (air, water, etc.) are transparent, thus their flow patterns are invisible to the naked eye without methods to make them this visible. Historically, such methods included experimental methods.
Particle image velocimetry (PIV) is a non-intrusive optical flow measurement technique used to study fluid flow patterns and velocities. PIV has found widespread applications in various fields of science and engineering, including aerodynamics, combustion, oceanography, and biofluids.
A wind tunnel is "an apparatus for producing a controlled stream of air for conducting aerodynamic experiments". [1] The experiment is conducted in the test section of the wind tunnel and a complete tunnel configuration includes air ducting to and from the test section and a device for keeping the air in motion, such as a fan.
A computer simulation of high velocity air flow around the Space Shuttle during re-entry A simulation of the Hyper-X scramjet vehicle in operation at Mach-7. The fundamental basis of almost all CFD problems is the Navier–Stokes equations, which define many single-phase (gas or liquid, but not both) fluid flows.
Shadowgraph is an optical method that reveals non-uniformities in transparent media like air, water, or glass. It is related to, but simpler than, the schlieren and schlieren photography methods that perform a similar function. Shadowgraph is a type of flow visualisation.
Schlieren photography is a process for photographing fluid flow. Invented by the German physicist August Toepler in 1864 to study supersonic motion, it is widely used in aeronautical engineering to photograph the flow of air around objects.
They are used during flight testing to study air flow direction, strength, and boundary layer properties. [ citation needed ] The world's largest bed of tufts (18.6 m by 18.6 m, 61 feet by 61 feet) was created at NASA Ames Research Center to study air flow fields involving a helicopter's rotor disk.
Schematic setup of a molecular tagging velocimetry experiment. Molecular tagging velocimetry (MTV) is a specific form of flow velocimetry, a technique for determining the velocity of currents in fluids such as air and water. [1] In its simplest form, a single "write" laser beam is shot once through the sample space.