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A high-risk pregnancy is a pregnancy where the mother or the fetus has an increased risk of adverse outcomes compared to uncomplicated pregnancies. No concrete guidelines currently exist for distinguishing “high-risk” pregnancies from “low-risk” pregnancies; however, there are certain studied conditions that have been shown to put the mother or fetus at a higher risk of poor outcomes. [1]
Women who have high blood pressure and had complications in their pregnancy have three times the risk of developing cardiovascular disease compared to women with normal blood pressure who had no complications in pregnancy. Monitoring pregnant women's blood pressure can help prevent both complications and future cardiovascular diseases.
Low dose aspirin is recommended to prevent pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in those at high risk. [12] Other preventative recommendations include calcium supplementation in areas with low calcium intake and treatment of prior hypertension with anti-hypertensive medications. [2] [3] Exercise during pregnancy may also be useful. [1]
[2] [3] Pre-eclampsia increases the risk of undesirable as well as lethal outcomes for both the mother and the fetus including preterm labor. [11] [12] [3] If left untreated, it may result in seizures at which point it is known as eclampsia. [2] Risk factors for pre-eclampsia include obesity, prior hypertension, older age, and diabetes mellitus.
Women who are high risk have better outcomes if they are seen regularly and frequently by a medical professional than women who are low risk. [90] A woman can be labeled as high risk for different reasons including previous complications in pregnancy, complications in the current pregnancy, current medical diseases, or social issues. [91] [92]
A patient who received a 1:330 risk score, while technically low-risk (since the cutoff for high-risk is commonly quoted as 1:270), might be more likely to still opt for a confirmatory invasive test. On the other hand, a patient who receives a 1:1000 risk score is more likely to feel assuaged that her pregnancy is normal. [citation needed]
As of 2018, Asthma was the most prevalent respiratory disorder to complicate pregnancy, remaining a high-risk condition despite therapeutic advancements. [34] Preventing asthma exacerbations during pregnancy is crucial to reduce the risk of complications and poor outcomes. [31]
High doses of caffeine intake during pregnancy may increase the risk of miscarriage [48] and some major negative pregnancy outcomes, such as stillbirth or low birth weight. [ 49 ] [ 50 ] A 2020 review called into question the safe levels proposed by the European Food Safety Authority, the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists ...