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Maritime pine bark extract is an extract from the bark of Pinus pinaster which is used as a dietary supplement. It is composed mostly of proanthocyanidins . [ 1 ] Pycnogenol is a trademarked name for a standardized preparation that contains 70% procyanidins .
Pinus nigra is a large coniferous evergreen tree, growing to 20–55 metres (66–180 feet) high at maturity and spreading to 6 to 12 m (20 to 39 ft) wide.The bark is gray to yellow-brown, and is widely split by flaking fissures into scaly plates, becoming increasingly fissured with age.
Pinus pinaster is a medium-size tree, reaching 20–35 metres (66–115 feet) tall with a trunk diameter of up to 1.2 m (4 ft), exceptionally 1.8 m (6 ft). Pinus pinaster Cones. The bark is orange-red, thick, and deeply fissured at the base of the trunk, somewhat thinner in the upper crown.
The bark on large galls will slough off over time, exposing the smooth wood beneath. Signs of pine-pine gall rust include the pale yellow aecia (1–8 mm in diameter) formed on galls in spring as well as the yellow-orange aeciospores contained within. Immature galls are spindle-shaped. Infections usually occur on more succulent (thick) branches.
Yohimbine (/ j oʊ ˈ h ɪ m b iː n /), [2] also known as quebrachine, is an indole alkaloid derived from the bark of the African tree Pausinystalia johimbe; also from the bark of the unrelated South American tree Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco. Yohimbine is an α 2-adrenergic receptor antagonist, and has been used in a variety of research ...
Sambucus nigra is a species complex of flowering plants in the family Viburnaceae native to most of Europe. [1] Common names include elder , elderberry , black elder , European elder , European elderberry , and European black elderberry .
Ampelopsin, also known as dihydromyricetin and DHM, when used as an effective ingredient in supplements and other tonics, is a flavanonol, a type of flavonoid.It is extracted from the Japanese raisin tree and found in Ampelopsis species japonica, megalophylla, and grossedentata; Cercidiphyllum japonicum; Hovenia dulcis; Rhododendron cinnabarinum; some Pinus species; and some Cedrus species, [1 ...
This drying is generally done in the shade to preserve its characteristic yellow color. This process can be quickened by simply baking the bark at a low temperature for several hours. [20] Botanist J. Morton suggests using a dose of 10–30 grains, dissolved in water, or 0.6–2.0 cc for fluid extract.