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The first chips that could be considered microprocessors were designed and manufactured in the late 1960s and early 1970s, including the MP944 used in the Grumman F-14 CADC. [1] Intel's 4004 of 1971 is widely regarded as the first commercial microprocessor. [2]
He was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 1996 [17] and received the National Medal of Technology and Innovation in 2009 from President Barack Obama. He was made a Fellow of the Computer History Museum in 2009 "for his work as part of the team that developed the Intel 4004 , the world's first commercial microprocessor."
The earliest multi-chip microprocessors were the Four-Phase Systems AL1 in 1969 and Garrett AiResearch MP944 in 1970, each using several MOS LSI chips. [33] On November 15, 1971, Intel released the world's first single-chip microprocessor, the 4004 , on a single MOS LSI chip.
The Intel 4004 is a 4-bit central processing unit (CPU) released by Intel Corporation in 1971. Sold for US$60 (equivalent to $470 in 2024 [2]), it was the first commercially produced microprocessor, [3] and the first in a long line of Intel CPUs.
The Intel 4004 was developed as a single-chip microprocessor from 1969 to 1970, led by Intel's Federico Faggin, Marcian Hoff, and Stanley Mazor, and Busicom's Masatoshi Shima. [70] The chip was mainly designed and realized by Faggin, with his silicon-gate MOS technology. [ 69 ]
He was employed to implement the transistor-level logic of Intel's next microprocessor, which became the Intel 8080 (conception and architecture by Federico Faggin), released in 1974. [3] Shima then developed several Intel peripheral chips, some used in the IBM PC , such as the 8259 interrupt controller , 8255 parallel port chip, 8253 timer ...
In the early 1970s, he applied queueing theory to model the performance of packet switching networks. This work played an influential role in the development of the ARPANET, the precursor to the Internet. He supervised the graduate students who worked on the early communication protocols for the ARPANET.
The 1970s witnessed an explosion in the understanding of solid-state physics, driven by the development of the integrated circuit and the laser. The evolution of the computer produced an interesting duality in the physical sciences at this period — analogue recording technology had reached its peak and was incredibly sophisticated.