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Manual placenta removal is the evacuation of the placenta from the uterus by hand. [6] It is usually carried out under anesthesia or more rarely, under sedation and analgesia . A hand is inserted through the vagina and cervix into the uterine cavity and the placenta is detached from the uterine wall and then removed manually.
Placental abruption is when the placenta separates early from the uterus, in other words separates before childbirth. [2] It occurs most commonly around 25 weeks of pregnancy . [ 2 ] Symptoms may include vaginal bleeding , lower abdominal pain , and dangerously low blood pressure . [ 1 ]
Immediately after delivery, the fundus of the uterus begins to contract. This is to deliver the placenta which can take up to 30 minutes and may involve a feeling of chills. [8] In a normal and healthy response it should feel firm and not boggy. It begins to involute with contractions of the smooth muscle of the uterus. It will contract midline ...
Histopathology of placenta with increased syncytial knotting of chorionic villi, with two knots pointed out. The following characteristics of placentas have been said to be associated with placental insufficiency, however all of them occur in normal healthy placentas and full term healthy births, so none of them can be used to accurately diagnose placental insufficiency: [citation needed]
[1] [2] Ischemic placental disease leads to the attachment of the placenta to the uterine wall to become under-perfused, causing uteroplacental ischemia. Where the term overarches the pathology associated with preeclampsia , placental abruptions and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). [ 3 ]
A 7 cm (2.75 in) long detached umbilical cord. The cord can be clamped at different times; however, delaying the clamping of the umbilical cord until at least one minute after birth improves outcomes as long as there is the ability to treat the small risk of jaundice if it occurs. [ 18 ]
[1] [2] In some instances, the dead twin is compressed into a flattened, parchment-like state known as fetus papyraceus. [3] Vanishing twins occur in up to one of every eight multifetus pregnancies and may not even be known in most cases. [4] "High resorption rates, which cannot be explained on the basis of the expected abortion rate, suggest ...
[2] In humans, decidualization occurs after ovulation during the menstrual cycle. After implantation of the embryo, the decidua further develops to mediate the process of placentation. In the event no embryo is implanted, the decidualized endometrial lining is shed or, as is the case with species that follow the estrous cycle, absorbed. [1]