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Brain anatomy – forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain. The cerebral peduncles each form a lobe ventrally of the tegmentum, on either side of the midline. Beyond the midbrain, between the lobes, is the interpeduncular fossa, which is a cistern filled with cerebrospinal fluid [citation needed]. The majority of each lobe constitutes the cerebral crus.
View of the midbrain showing covering tectum and tegmental floor. The midbrain is further subdivided into three parts: tectum, tegmentum, and the ventral tegmental area. The tectum forms the ceiling. The tectum comprises the paired structure of the superior and inferior colliculi and is the dorsal covering of the cerebral aqueduct.
Information about the structure and function of the human brain comes from a variety of experimental methods, including animals and humans. Information about brain trauma and stroke has provided information about the function of parts of the brain and the effects of brain damage. Neuroimaging is used to visualise the brain and record brain ...
Midbrain; Pons; Significant components: Arcuate fasciculus – neural pathway connecting the junction between the temporal and parietal lobes with the frontal cortex in the brain; Broca's area – region of the brain with functions linked to speech production
Neurobiologists have often had great difficulty distinguishing the VTA in humans and other primate brains from the substantia nigra (SN) and surrounding nuclei. Originally, the ventral tegmental area was designated as a ‘nucleus’, but over time ‘area’ became the more appropriate term used because of the heterogeneous cytoarchitectonic features of the region and the lack of clear ...
Fornix and septal nuclei; Subcortical areas: Septal nuclei; Amygdala; Nucleus accumbens; Diencephalic structures: Hypothalamus; Mammillary bodies; Anterior nuclei of thalamus; Other areas that have been included in the limbic system include the: Stria medullaris; Central gray and dorsal and ventral nuclei of Gudden
In neuroanatomy, the pretectal area, or pretectum, is a midbrain structure composed of seven nuclei and comprises part of the subcortical visual system.Through reciprocal bilateral projections from the retina, it is involved primarily in mediating behavioral responses to acute changes in ambient light such as the pupillary light reflex, the optokinetic reflex, and temporary changes to the ...
The paramedian pontine reticular formation (PMPRF) is involved in coordinating horizontal conjugate eye movements and saccades. To do so, besides projecting to the ibsilateral abducens nucleus, the PMPRF projects fibers through the MLF to the contralateral oculomotor nucleus (specifically, those of its motor neurons that innervate the medial rectus muscle).