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One classical thermal escape mechanism is Jeans escape, [1] named after British astronomer Sir James Jeans, who first described this process of atmospheric loss. [2] In a quantity of gas, the average velocity of any one molecule is measured by the gas's temperature, but the velocities of individual molecules change as they collide with one another, gaining and losing kinetic energy.
This process can occur in a number of different ways of both a genetic and an environmental nature. [1] Such mechanisms include homologous recombination, and manipulation and resistance of the host's immune responses. [2] Different antigens are able to escape through a variety of mechanisms.
Anti-predator adaptations are mechanisms developed through evolution that assist prey organisms in their constant struggle against predators. Throughout the animal kingdom, adaptations have evolved for every stage of this struggle, namely by avoiding detection, warding off attack, fighting back, or escaping when caught.
Escape response in Antarctic krill.. Escape response, escape reaction, or escape behavior is a mechanism by which animals avoid potential predation.It consists of a rapid sequence of movements, or lack of movement, that position the animal in such a way that allows it to hide, freeze, or flee from the supposed predator.
Plant ecophysiology is concerned largely with two topics: mechanisms (how plants sense and respond to environmental change) and scaling or integration (how the responses to highly variable conditions—for example, gradients from full sunlight to 95% shade within tree canopies—are coordinated with one another), and how their collective effect on plant growth and gas exchange can be ...
[14]: 7 There are many feedback mechanisms in the climate system that can either amplify (a positive feedback) or diminish (a negative feedback) the effects of a change in climate forcing. The climate system will vary in response to changes in forcings. [ 15 ]
The hydrogen can then escape from the atmosphere while the oxygen recombines or bonds to iron on the planet's surface. [2] The deficit of water on Venus due to the runaway greenhouse effect is thought to explain why Venus does not exhibit surface features consistent with plate tectonics, [ 25 ] meaning it would be a stagnant lid planet.
Dehydration avoidance and tolerance mechanisms are required in situations where the timing of drought is mostly unpredictable. Drought resistance mechanisms are genetically controlled and genes or QTL responsible for drought resistance have been discovered in several crops which opens avenue for molecular breeding for drought resistance.