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China adheres to the 1914 map of the McMahon Line, which shows the border as a straight line at 27°44'30" N latitude till the range of "Menlakathong La" (roughly the modern Bum La Pass). [5] India believes that the true border lies along the highest watershed line in the region, which is to the north of the Namka Chu and Sumdorong Chu streams.
The Line of Actual Control (LAC) is the disputed border between India and China, which has led to the ongoing Sino-Indian border dispute. There are designated Border Personnel Meeting Points (BPM Points or BPMP) on LAC, mutually agreed by India and China, for conducting meeting to resolve the dispute. [4]
One of the first set of formal talks between China and India on the border were following Zhou Enlai's visit to India in 19–25 April 1960. [72] Following this there were a further three sessions of talks, the "Official's" talks, between— 15 June-6 July 1960; 15 August-24 September 1960; and 7 November-12 December 1960. [72]
India shares land borders with six sovereign nations. The state's Ministry of Home Affairs also recognizes a 106 kilometres (66 mi) land border with a seventh nation, Afghanistan, as part of its claim on the Kashmir region; however, this is disputed and the region bordering Afghanistan has been administered by Pakistan as part of Gilgit-Baltistan since 1947 (see Durand Line).
Aksai Chin is a region administered by China partly in Hotan County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang [2] and partly in Rutog County, Ngari Prefecture, Tibet and constituting the easternmost portion of the larger Kashmir region that has been the subject of a dispute between India and China since 1959. [1]
The Philippines also called on China “to act responsibly and abide by its obligations” under international law. Vietnam Aug 31 became the latest country to reject China’s “standard map”.
In 1986–87, a military standoff took place between India and China in the Sumdorong Chu Valley bordering the Tawang district, Arunachal Pradesh and Cona County, Tibet. It was initiated by China moving a company of troops to Wangdung , a pasture to the south of Sumdorong Chu that India believed to be its territory.
The region of all countries bordering China is sometimes referred to by scholars as the China Rim, [3] [4] [5] or simply as China's periphery (Chinese: 中国周边). [6] The China Rim plays a significant role in competition between other countries and China, as is the case with America's China Containment Policy. [7]