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Benton, M.J. (1998) "The quality of the fossil record of the vertebrates" Archived 25 August 2012 at the Wayback Machine Pages 269–303 in Donovan, S.K. and Paul, C.R.C. (eds), The adequacy of the fossil record. Wiley. ISBN 9780471969884. Cloutier, R. (2010). "The fossil record of fish ontogenies: Insights into developmental patterns and ...
The study of prehistoric fish is called paleoichthyology. A few living forms, such as the coelacanth are also referred to as prehistoric fish, or even living fossils, due to their current rarity and similarity to extinct forms. Fish which have become recently extinct are not usually referred to as prehistoric fish. They were very different from ...
These scales were easily dispersed after death; their small size and resilience makes them the most common vertebrate fossil of their time. [14] [15] The fish lived in both freshwater and marine environments, first appearing during the Ordovician, and perishing during the Frasnian–Famennian extinction event of the Late Devonian. They were ...
This gap in the fossil record, is called Romer's gap after the American paleontologist Alfred Romer. While it has long been debated whether the gap is a result of fossilisation or relates to an actual event, recent work indicates the gap period saw a drop in atmospheric oxygen levels, indicating some sort of ecological collapse. [83]
According to the fossil record, the divergence of coelacanths, lungfish, and tetrapods is thought to have occurred during the Silurian. [45] Over 100 fossil species of coelacanth have been described. [44] The oldest identified coelacanth fossils are around 420–410 million years old, dating to the early Devonian.
They were also the first fish clade to develop pelvic fins, the second set of paired fins and the homologous precursor to hindlimbs in tetrapods. [2] 380-million-year-old fossils of three other genera, Incisoscutum, Materpiscis and Austroptyctodus, represent the oldest known examples of live birth. [3]
Tiktaalik was a large fish: the largest known fossils have an estimated length of 2.75 m (9.02 feet), [2] with the longest lower jaws reaching a length of 31 centimetres (1.0 ft). [ 1 ] Skull and neck
Fossils of Dunkleosteus are frequently found with boluses of fish bones, semidigested and partially eaten remains of other fish. [51] As a result, the fossil record indicates it may have routinely regurgitated prey bones rather than digest them. Mature individuals probably inhabited deep sea locations, like other placoderms, living in shallow ...