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The gastric folds (or gastric rugae) are coiled sections of tissue that exist in the mucosal and submucosal layers of the stomach. [1] They provide elasticity by allowing the stomach to expand when a bolus enters it. These folds stretch outward through the action of mechanoreceptors, which respond to the increase in pressure. [2]
Most commonly rugae refers to the gastric rugae of the internal surface of the stomach. For terrestrial gastropods, the rugae often appear as fine, transverse folds or wrinkles on the mantle, back, or sides of the body. They are particularly visible when the animal extends its body or contracts, and may also be interrupted or intersected by ...
Progesterone causes many changes to the genitourinary system. A pregnant woman may experience an increase in the size of the kidneys and ureter due to the increase blood volume and vasculature. Later in pregnancy, the woman might develop physiological hydronephrosis and hydroureter, which are normal. [33]
It may appear rather suddenly by head engagement of the fetus into cephalic presentation. Doctors advise pregnant women to continue fluid intake despite this. Urinalysis and culture are ordered to rule out infection, which can also cause increased urinary frequency but typically is accompanied by dysuria (pain when urinating). [25]
The submucosa (or tela submucosa) is a thin layer of tissue in various organs of the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and genitourinary tracts. It is the layer of dense irregular connective tissue that supports the mucosa (mucous membrane) and joins it to the muscular layer, the bulk of overlying smooth muscle (fibers running circularly within layer of longitudinal muscle).
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Vaginal rugae are illustrated in this 1891 medical textbook image. Vaginal rugae are structures of the vagina that are transverse ridges formed out of the supporting tissues and vaginal epithelium in females. [1] Some conditions can cause the disappearance of vaginal rugae and are usually associated with childbirth and prolapse of pelvic ...
Because both breast cancer and this breast tissue appear white on mammograms, those mammograms alone can miss up to 60% of cancers in dense breasts. ... hormone replacement therapy, pregnancy, and ...