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Whipple's disease is a rare systemic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Tropheryma whipplei.First described by George Hoyt Whipple in 1907 and commonly considered as a gastrointestinal disorder, Whipple's disease primarily causes malabsorption, but may affect any part of the human body, including the heart, brain, joints, skin, lungs and the eyes. [1]
Whipple's triad is a collection of three signs (called Whipple's criteria) that suggests that a patient's symptoms result from hypoglycaemia that may indicate insulinoma. The essential conditions are symptoms of hypoglycaemia, low blood plasma glucose concentration , and relief of symptoms when plasma glucose concentration is increased.
"Tropheryma whipplei" is a bacterium that is the causative organism of Whipple's disease, [1] and rarely, endocarditis. While "T. whipplei" is categorized with the Gram-positive Actinomycetota, the organism is commonly found to be Gram-positive or Gram-indeterminate when stained in the laboratory. [1]
It is unclear why in rare causes the bacteria causes Whipple disease; it is thought that affected patients may have an issue with their immune system.
Whipple was instrumental in founding the American Board of Surgery. He also was trustee of Princeton University and was a recipient of the 1958 Woodrow Wilson Award. Though he is not related to George Hoyt Whipple — who named Whipple's disease and discovered Tropheryma whipplei — the two were lifelong friends. [1]
Whipple's Triad: Hypoglycaemia during attacks, resolution of symptoms upon correction of blood glucose, symptoms brought about by low glucose states. Insulinoma: Triad of Aortic stenosis: Chest pain, Heart failure, Syncope: Aortic stenosis: Murphy's triad: Pain-> Vomiting -> Fever: Acute appendicitis: Tillaux's triad
[3] [2] Identifying Whipple's triad in a patient helps to avoid unnecessary diagnostic testing and decreases healthcare costs. [2] In those with a history of diabetes treated with insulin, glinides, or sulfonylurea, who demonstrate Whipple's triad, it is reasonable to assume the cause of hypoglycemia is due to insulin, glinides, or sulfonylurea ...
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