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Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless body fluid found within the tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord of all vertebrates. CSF is produced by specialized ependymal cells in the choroid plexus of the ventricles of the brain, and absorbed in the arachnoid granulations .
Proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid, normally albumin and globulin are present in the ratio of 8 to 1. Increases in protein levels are of diagnostic value in neurological diseases. The normal CSF is clear and transparent fluid. The Pandy's reaction makes it translucent or opaque.
CSF albumin is a measurement used to determine the levels of albumin in cerebrospinal fluid. [1] A closely related test, CSF total protein is a measurement used to determine the levels of protein in cerebrospinal fluid. [2] [3] It combines the albumin, IgG, and other proteins. It can be useful in distinguishing among causes of Meningitis.
Typically for an OCB analysis, the CSF is concentrated and the serum is diluted. After this dilution/concentration prealbumin appears as higher on CSF. Albumin is typically the dominant band on both fluids. Transferrin is another prominent protein on CSF column because its small molecular size easily increases its filtration in to CSF.
The detection of neurofilament subunits in CSF and blood has therefore become widely used as a biomarker of ongoing axonal compromise. The NF-L protein is encoded by the NEFL gene . [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Neurofilament light chain is a biomarker that can be measured with immunoassays in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma and reflects axonal damage in a wide ...
In addition, this channel is commonly found facilitating water movement near cerebrospinal fluid and vasculature. [9] Aquaporin-4 was first identified in 1986. It was the first evidence of the existence of water transport channels. [10] The method that was used to discover the existence of the transport channels was through knockout experiments.
Transthyretin (TTR or TBPA) is a transport protein in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid that transports the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T 4) and retinol to the liver. This is how transthyretin gained its name: transports thyroxine and retinol. The liver secretes TTR into the blood, and the choroid plexus secretes TTR into the cerebrospinal fluid.
Lymphocytic pleocytosis is an abnormal increase in the amount of lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It is usually considered to be a sign of infection or inflammation within the nervous system , and is encountered in a number of neurological diseases , such as pseudomigraine, Susac's syndrome, and encephalitis.