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Second-impact syndrome (SIS) occurs when the brain swells rapidly, and catastrophically, after a person has a second concussion before symptoms from an earlier one have subsided. This second blow may occur minutes, days, or weeks after an initial concussion, [1] and even the mildest grade of concussion can lead to second impact syndrome. [2]
Post-concussion syndrome (PCS), also known as persisting symptoms after concussion, is a set of symptoms that may continue for weeks, months, or years after a concussion. PCS is medically classified as a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI).
After a thorough exam, the doctors diagnosed her with a concussion. They told us to keep an eye on her for worsening symptoms, which could mean an MRI of the brain might be needed.
Post-concussion syndrome is believed to be able to arise for reasons aside from sustaining a (mild) traumatic brain injury. In one study, health professionals cited organic causes in general as being most responsible for the development of PCS; however, emotional and compensatory causes have also been implicated as factors. [13]
There is the potential of post-concussion syndrome, defined as a set of symptoms that continue after a concussion is sustained. [9] Post-concussion symptoms can be classified as physical, cognitive, emotional, and sleep symptoms. [9] Physical symptoms include headache, nausea, and vomiting. [9]
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A medical assessment by a physician or nurse practitioner is required if a concussion is suspected in an infant, child, or adolescent to rule out a more serious head injury and diagnose the concussion. [6] Treatment for concussion includes a short cognitive and physical period of rest followed by gradual return to activity and school.
Concussion may be under-diagnosed because of the lack of the highly noticeable signs and symptoms while athletes may minimize their injuries to remain in the competition. [76] Direct impact to the head is not required for a concussion diagnosis, as other bodily impacts with a subsequent force transmission to the head are also causes. [77]