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Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus. [1] Signs and symptoms may include vomiting , abdominal pain , deep gasping breathing , increased urination , weakness, confusion and occasionally loss of consciousness . [ 1 ]
Ketoacidosis is a metabolic state caused by uncontrolled production of ketone bodies that cause a metabolic acidosis. While ketosis refers to any elevation of blood ketones , ketoacidosis is a specific pathologic condition that results in changes in blood pH and requires medical attention.
Blood sugar levels above 300 mg/dL can cause fatal reactions. Ketones will be very high (a magnitude higher than when eating a very low carbohydrate diet) initiating ketoacidosis. The Mayo Clinic recommends emergency room treatment above 300 mg/dL blood glucose. The most common cause of hyperglycemia is diabetes.
Symptoms include: shortness of breath, breath that smells fruity (such as pear drops), nausea and vomiting, and very dry mouth. Chronic hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) injures the heart in patients without a history of heart disease or diabetes and is strongly associated with heart attacks and death in subjects with no coronary heart disease ...
Many people, however, have no symptoms during the first few years and are diagnosed on routine testing. [13] A small number of people with type 2 diabetes can develop a hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (a condition of very high blood sugar associated with a decreased level of consciousness and low blood pressure ).
Fruity-smelling breath can also be a sign of diabetic ketoacidosis, a life-threatening complication that occurs when ketone levels are so high that the blood becomes acidic, according to th e ...
Common symptoms of ketosis are anorexia, abdominal discomfort, and nausea, sometimes progressing to vomiting. [7] However, the diagnosis of ketotic hypoglycemia poses a challenge to clinicians, given how nonspecific symptoms can be and given that children in this age range are typically unable to describe their symptoms. [ 2 ]
Ketoacidosis symptoms can develop rapidly, with frequent urination, excessive thirst, nausea, vomiting, and severe abdominal pain all common. [96] More severe ketoacidosis can result in labored breathing , and loss of consciousness due to cerebral edema . [ 96 ]