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The distal convoluted tubule has a different structure and function to that of the proximal convoluted tubule. Cells lining the tubule have numerous mitochondria to produce enough energy for active transport to take place. Much of the ion transport taking place in the distal convoluted tubule is regulated by the endocrine system.
The collecting duct system of the kidney consists of a series of tubules and ducts that physically connect nephrons to a minor calyx or directly to the renal pelvis.The collecting duct participates in electrolyte and fluid balance through reabsorption and excretion, processes regulated by the hormones aldosterone and vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone).
At least 16 different cell types make up the renal tubules. [102] The tubules themselves are divided into at least 14 segments, [102] which differ in cell types and functions. [103] The normal functioning of the kidneys is provided by the complex of epithelial, endothelial, interstitial and immune cells. [104]
This filtrate then flows along the length of the nephron, which is a tubular structure lined by a single layer of specialized cells and surrounded by capillaries. The major functions of these lining cells are the reabsorption of water and small molecules from the filtrate into the blood, and the secretion of wastes from the blood into the urine.
As the renal tubules grow, they come into contact and join with connecting tubules of the collecting duct system, forming a continuous passage for flow from the renal tubule to the collecting duct. Simultaneously, precursors of vascular endothelial cells begin to take their position at the tips of the renal tubules.
The renal tubules of the metanephros, unlike those of the pronephros and mesonephros, do not open into the Wolffian duct. Instead, the tubules rapidly elongate to form the parts of the nephron: the proximal tubules, the loops of Henle and the distal convoluted tubules. These last join and establish communications with the collecting duct system ...
The distal tubule of the mammalian kidney is the portion of the nephron located between the macula densa region and the cortical collecting tubule. It consists of various subsegments that differ in structure and function, and it is responsible for reabsorbing 5-10% of filtered sodium and chloride under normal circumstances, as well as playing a ...
The thin segment is a part of the renal tubule found between the proximal and distal tubules. The renal tubule and the renal corpuscle together comprise the nephron. [1] The thin segment is described as a U-shaped band, consisting of the two continuous parts: descending limb of loop of Henle; ascending limb of loop of Henle