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  2. Plain meaning rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_meaning_rule

    This, surely, cannot have been the intention of Parliament. However, the literal rule does not take into account the consequences of a literal interpretation, only whether words have a clear meaning that makes sense within that context. If Parliament does not like the literal interpretation, then it must amend the legislation.

  3. Strict constructionism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strict_constructionism

    As a result of this distinction, nearly all textualists reject strict constructionism in this sense. Supreme Court justice Antonin Scalia, a major proponent of textualism, said that "no one ought to be" a strict constructionist, because the most literal interpretation meaning of a text can conflict with the commonly-understood or original ...

  4. Purposive approach - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purposive_approach

    The purposive approach (sometimes referred to as purposivism, [1] purposive construction, [2] purposive interpretation, [3] or the modern principle in construction) [4] is an approach to statutory and constitutional interpretation under which common law courts interpret an enactment (a statute, part of a statute, or a clause of a constitution) within the context of the law's purpose.

  5. Logical form (linguistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_form_(linguistics)

    This ambiguity cannot be resolved at surface structure, since someone, being within the verb phrase, must be lower in the structure than everyone. This case exemplifies the general fact that natural language is insufficiently specified for strict logical meaning. Robert May argued for the postulation of LF partly in order to account for such ...

  6. Sloppy identity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sloppy_identity

    The strict reading of sentence 9) is that "Betsy loves her own dog". Application of Pro→BV then derives the sentence in 9.i): 9.i) [Betsy i loves her j (or x's) dog] Where her j is someone else or x's is anyone else's dog Complex example. 10) Betsy i loves her i dog and Sandy j does ∅ too where ∅ = loves her dog Strict reading

  7. Literal translation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literal_translation

    Literal translation, direct translation, or word-for-word translation is the translation of a text done by translating each word separately without analysing how the words are used together in a phrase or sentence. [1] In translation theory, another term for literal translation is metaphrase (as opposed to paraphrase for an analogous translation).

  8. Word order - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_order

    Many synthetic languages such as Latin, Greek, Persian, Romanian, Assyrian, Assamese, Russian, Turkish, Korean, Japanese, Finnish, Arabic and Basque have no strict word order; rather, the sentence structure is highly flexible and reflects the pragmatics of the utterance. However, also in languages of this kind there is usually a pragmatically ...

  9. Statutory interpretation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statutory_interpretation

    Statutory interpretation is the process by which courts interpret and apply legislation. Some amount of interpretation is often necessary when a case involves a statute. Sometimes the words of a statute have a plain and a straightforward meaning. But in many cases, there is some ambiguity in the words of the statute that must be resolved by the ...