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Alternatively, David P. Davies gives the rule as 300 feet of descent required for each nautical mile of distance. [3]: 176 Large aircraft approaching to land normally use a 3 degree approach path. [4] This is equivalent to 3.14 nautical miles per 1000 ft of descent.
The performance data for landing an aircraft can be obtained from the aircraft's flight manual or pilot's operating handbook. It will state the distance required to bring the aircraft to a stop under ideal conditions, assuming the aircraft crosses the runway threshold at a height of 50 ft, at the correct speed.
These distances are also influenced by the runway grade (slope) such that, for example, each 1 percent of runway down slope increases the landing distance by 10 percent. [ 39 ] An aircraft taking off at a higher altitude must do so at reduced weight due to decreased density of air at higher altitudes, which reduces engine power and wing lift.
The maximal total range is the maximum distance an aircraft can fly between takeoff and landing. Powered aircraft range is limited by the aviation fuel energy storage capacity (chemical or electrical) considering both weight and volume limits. [1] Unpowered aircraft range depends on factors such as cross-country speed and environmental conditions.
[10] [11] The final approach point (FAP) is an equivalent point for a precision approach, where intermediate approach segment intercepts the glideslope of an instrument landing system. [ 12 ] Under ICAO , The FAF and FAP are two different concepts, representing potentially two different altitude-distance points from the MAPt for different ...
Contributing to the accident were Southwest Airlines' 1) failure to provide its pilots with clear and consistent guidance and training regarding company policies and procedures related to arrival landing distance calculations; 2) programming and design of its on-board performance computer, which did not present critical assumption information ...
The Airplane Flying Handbook of the Federal Aviation Administration lists common mistakes pilots make when performing power-off accuracy approaches. A few of these errors are listed below. [3] Force landing to avoid overshooting designated landing spot; Extending flaps and/or gears prematurely; Downwind leg too far from the runway
In general aviation, the loiter phase generally occurs at the end of the flight, when the plane is waiting for clearance to land. [ citation needed ] In military flights, such as aerial reconnaissance or ground-attack aircraft , the loiter phase is the time that the aircraft has over a target.