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2. Hindi–Urdu transliteration - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi–Urdu_transliteration

   Note that Hindi–Urdu transliteration schemes can be used for Punjabi as well, for Gurmukhi (Eastern Punjabi) to Shahmukhi (Western Punjabi) conversion, since Shahmukhi is a superset of the Urdu alphabet (with 2 extra consonants) and the Gurmukhi script can be easily converted to the Devanagari script.

3. Punjabi dictionary - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_dictionary

   Hindi-Punjabi Kosh (Patiala, 1953) – a Hindi-Punjabi dictionary that was compiled by Sant Indar Singh Chakarvarti and published by the Punjabi Department, PEPSU, Patiala (now called the Languages Department of the Punjab Government). [6] It contains 862 large-sized, double-columned pages that provide Punjabi translations for 60,000 Hindi ...

4. Gurpreet Singh Lehal - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurpreet_Singh_Lehal

   As a researcher Lehal's main contribution has been development of technologies related to the computerization of the Punjabi language. [1] Prominent among these are first Gurmukhi OCR, first bilingual Gurmukhi/Roman OCR, first Punjabi font identification and conversion system, first multi-font Punjabi spell checker, first high accuracy Gurmukhi-Shahmukhi and Shahmukhi-Gurmukhi transliteration ...

5. Gurmukhi - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi

   To differentiate between consonants, the Punjabi tonal consonants of the fourth column, ਘ kà, ਝ cà, ਢ ṭà, ਧ tà, and ਭ pà, are often transliterated in the way of the voiced aspirate consonants gha, jha, ḍha, dha, and bha respectively, although Punjabi lacks these sounds. [46]

6. Shahmukhi - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahmukhi

   Shahmukhi (Shahmukhi: شاہ مُکھی, pronounced [ʃäː(ɦ)˦.mʊ.kʰiː], lit. ' from the Shah's or king's mouth ', Gurmukhi: ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁਖੀ) is the right-to-left abjad-based script developed from the Perso-Arabic alphabet used for the Punjabi language varieties, predominantly in Punjab, Pakistan.

7. Punjabi grammar - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_grammar

   A full lexical verb in Punjabi on the other hand, does exhibit grammatical aspect. Due the close meaning of ਹੋਣਾ / ہونٌا and the copula, they are sometimes described as forms of the same lexeme; however, because they are directly derived from two distinct Sanskrit words and do not function alike grammatically, they are better ...