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Sulfuric acid reacts with most bases to give the corresponding sulfate or bisulfate. Aluminium sulfate, also known as paper maker's alum, is made by treating bauxite with sulfuric acid: 2 AlO(OH) + 3 H 2 SO 4 → Al 2 (SO 4) 3 + 4 H 2 O. Sulfuric acid can also be used to displace weaker acids from their salts.
Water-reactive substances [1] are those that spontaneously undergo a chemical reaction with water, often noted as generating flammable gas. [2] Some are highly reducing in nature. [ 3 ] Notable examples include alkali metals , lithium through caesium , and alkaline earth metals , magnesium through barium .
Sulfur dioxide reacts with water to form the weak acid, sulfurous acid: SO 2 + H 2 O → H 2 SO 3. Sulfur trioxide forms the strong acid sulfuric acid with water: SO 3 + H 2 O → H 2 SO 4. This reaction is important in the manufacturing of sulfuric acid.
The most reactive metals, such as sodium, will react with cold water to produce hydrogen and the metal hydroxide: 2 Na (s) + 2 H 2 O (l) →2 NaOH (aq) + H 2 (g) Metals in the middle of the reactivity series, such as iron , will react with acids such as sulfuric acid (but not water at normal temperatures) to give hydrogen and a metal salt ...
For example, dissolving sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) in water is accompanied by hydrolysis to give hydronium and bisulfate, the sulfuric acid's conjugate base. For a more technical discussion of what occurs during such a hydrolysis, see Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory.
Subsequently, this sulphate ester is hydrolyzed to regenerate sulphuric acid and release ethanol: C 2 H 5-O-SO 3 H + H 2 O → H 2 SO 4 + C 2 H 5 OH. This two step route is called the "indirect process". In the "direct process," the acid protonates the alkene, and water reacts with this incipient carbocation to give the alcohol.
The same equation relating the concentrations of acid and base applies. The concept of neutralization is not limited to reactions in solution. For example, the reaction of limestone with acid such as sulfuric acid is also a neutralization reaction. [Ca,Mg]CO 3 (s) + H 2 SO 4 (aq) → (Ca 2+, Mg 2+)(aq) + SO 2− 4 (aq) + CO 2 (g) + H 2 O
The Bunsen reaction is a chemical reaction that describes water, sulfur dioxide, and iodine reacting to form sulfuric acid and hydrogen iodide: 2H 2 O + SO 2 + I 2 → H 2 SO 4 + 2HI. This reaction is the first step in the sulfur-iodine cycle to produce hydrogen.