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  2. Gondwana - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gondwana

    Gondwana (/ ɡ ɒ n d ˈ w ɑː n ə /) [1] was a large landmass, sometimes referred to as a supercontinent.The remnants of Gondwana make up around two-thirds of today's continental area, including South America, Africa, Antarctica, Australia, Zealandia, Arabia, and the Indian subcontinent.

  3. List of orogenies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_orogenies

    Europe Lopian orogeny: 2.9 2.6 Europe Svecofennian orogeny: 2.0 1.75 Europe Gothian orogeny: 1.75 1.5 Europe Sveconorwegian orogeny: 1.14 .96 Europe Timanide orogeny.62 .55 Europe Cadomian orogeny.66 .54 Europe Caledonian orogeny.49 .39 Europe Variscan orogeny.44 .35 Europe Uralian orogeny.32 .25 Europe Alpine orogeny.15 .25 Europe ...

  4. Chronology of continents - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology_of_continents

    In the modern day, there are seven continents. However, there have been more continents throughout history. Vaalbara was the first supercontinent. [2] Europe is the newest continent. [3] Geologists have predicted that certain continents will appear, these being Pangaea Proxima, Novopangaea, Aurica, and Amasia.

  5. Pan-African orogeny - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-African_orogeny

    The Mozambique Belt, extending from east Antarctica through East Africa up to the Arabian-Nubian Shield, formed as a suture between plates during the Pan-African orogeny. [8] The Mozambique ocean began closing between Madagascar-India and the Congo – Tanzania craton between 700 and 580 million years ago, with closure between 600 and 500 ...

  6. Carboniferous - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboniferous

    The orogeny was caused by a series of continental collisions between Laurussia, Gondwana and the Armorican terrane assemblage (much of modern-day Central and Western Europe including Iberia) as the Rheic Ocean closed and Pangea formed. This mountain building process began in the Middle Devonian and continued into the early Permian.

  7. Laurasia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurasia

    Laurasia and Gondwana were equal in size but had distinct geological histories. Gondwana was assembled before the formation of Pangaea, but the assembly of Laurasia occurred during and after the formation of the supercontinent. These differences resulted in different patterns of basin formation and transport of sediments.

  8. History of Europe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Europe

    The history of Europe is traditionally divided into four time periods: prehistoric Europe (prior to about 800 BC), classical antiquity (800 BC to AD 500), the Middle Ages (AD 500–1500), and the modern era (since AD 1500). The first early European modern humans appear in the fossil record about 48,000 years ago, during the Paleolithic era.

  9. East African Orogeny - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_African_Orogeny

    The sedimentary deposition from this mountain chain, known as the Gondwana Super-fan, exceeded 100 million cubic kilometres (24 million cubic miles) or the equivalent to covering the United States with c. 10 km (6.2 mi) of sediment, lasted for 260 million years and coincided with the Cambrian explosion, the sudden radiation of animal life c ...