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Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a particular disease within the NMOSD spectrum. It is characterised by optic neuritis and longitudinally extensive myelitis. In more than 80% of NMO cases, the cause is immunoglobulin G autoantibodies to aquaporin 4 ( anti-AQP4 ), the most abundant water channel protein in the central nervous system.
In neuromyelitis optica higher AQP4 autoantibody levels are associated with the occurrence of optic neuritis. [16] Less common causes are: papilledema, brain tumor or abscess in the occipital region, cerebral trauma or hemorrhage, meningitis, arachnoidal adhesions, sinus thrombosis, liver dysfunction, or late stage kidney disease.
Most patients are seronegative for NMO-IgG and GFAP, biomarkers for neuromyelitis optica. [3] ANA, indicative of autoimmune optic neuropathy, is also generally negative. [3] CSF can also be evaluated for oligoclonal bands typical of multiple sclerosis, which will not be present in CRION. [1]
Encephalomyelitis is inflammation of the brain and spinal cord.Various types of encephalomyelitis include: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis or postinfectious encephalomyelitis, a demyelinating disease of the brain and spinal cord, possibly triggered by viral infection.
Multiple sclerosis and Neuromyelitis optica are autoimmune diseases which both frequently present with optic neuritis, an inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy of the optic nerve. [3] Multiple sclerosis is a disease of unknown etiology which is characterized by neurological lesions "disseminated in time and space". [24]
The main symptom is loss of vision, with colors appearing subtly washed out in the affected eye. A pale disc is characteristic of long-standing optic neuropathy. In many cases, only one eye is affected and a person may not be aware of the loss of color vision until the examiner asks them to cover the healthy eye.
Neuromyelitis optica or Devic's disease: immune attack on optic nerve and spinal cord; Sjögren's syndrome: destruction of the exocrine system of the body; Systemic lupus erythematosus: a systemic autoimmune disease featuring a wide variety of neurological signs and symptoms; Sarcoidosis: [4] chronic inflammatory cells form as nodules in ...
Neuromyelitis optica, also known as Devic's disease or Devic's syndrome; N-Methylmorpholine N-oxide, an organic compound; Nitronate monooxygenase, an enzyme; Normal Move Out, in reflection seismology; National Measurement Office, a government agency in the United Kingdom; New Motorola, a mobile antenna connector
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