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zswap is a Linux kernel feature that provides a compressed write-back cache for swapped pages, as a form of virtual memory compression. Instead of moving memory pages to a swap device when they are to be swapped out, zswap performs their compression and then stores them into a memory pool dynamically allocated in the system RAM.
When the system memory is highly insufficient for the current tasks and a large portion of memory activity goes through a slow swap, the system can become practically unable to execute any task, even if the CPU is idle. When every process is waiting on the swap, the system is considered to be in swap death. [24] [25]
By reducing the I/O activity caused by paging requests, virtual memory compression can produce overall performance improvements. The degree of performance improvement depends on a variety of factors, including the availability of any compression co-processors, spare bandwidth on the CPU, speed of the I/O channel, speed of the physical memory, and the compressibility of the physical memory ...
Chromebook (sometimes stylized in lowercase as chromebook) is a line of laptops, desktops, tablets and all-in-one computers that run ChromeOS, a proprietary operating system developed by Google. Chromebooks are optimised for web access but also run Android apps, Linux applications, and Progressive web apps , they do not require an Internet ...
If present in memory and not privately modified the physical page is shared with file cache or buffer. Shared memory acquired through shm_open. The tmpfs in-memory filesystem; written to swap when paged out. The file cache including; written to the underlying block storage (possibly going through the buffer, see below) when paged out.
Hot swapping may be used to add or remove peripherals or components, to allow a device to synchronize data with a computer, and to replace faulty modules without interrupting equipment operation. A machine may have dual power supplies , each adequate to power the machine; a faulty one may be hot-swapped.
The disadvantage of this approach is that memory swap files are slower to read from than 'actual' memory, which can lead to performance drops. [2] Another disadvantage is that, when running out of real memory, the system is relying on the applications to not use the additional memory despite it being allocated to them.
However, zswap always requires a backing store, which is not the case for zram. When used for swap, zram (like zswap) allows Linux to make more efficient use of RAM, since the operating system can then hold more pages of memory in the compressed swap than if the same amount of RAM had been used as application memory or disk cache.
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