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Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that can lead to damage of the optic nerve. The optic nerve transmits visual information from the eye to the brain. Glaucoma may cause vision loss if left untreated. It has been called the "silent thief of sight" because the loss of vision usually occurs slowly over a long period of time. [5]
Glaucoma is the leading cause for irreversible blindness globally. [11] Glaucoma usually starts with no symptoms to start losing peripheral vision, and if untreated, it can leads to a complete loss of peripheral vision, which is tunnel vision, and eventually, central vision will be affected leading to complete blindness.
•Colour vision: to test colour vision ••Ishihara's chart: to determine the type of colour blindness Stenopaeic slit: detection of axis of the cylindrical (astigmatism) power of the eye; glaucoma testing Implants - •Intraocular lens: prosthetic lenses implanted after lens (anatomy) removal •Artificial eyes
Tubular vision: Since macular fibers are the most resistant to glaucomatous damage, central vision remains unaffected until the end stages of glaucoma. It results in tubular vision, or tunnel vision , by the loss of peripheral vision with retention of central vision, resulting in a constricted circular tunnel-like field of vision.
For example, P <2% means that less than 2% of the population have vision loss worse than measured [19] Pattern standard deviation (PSD): Derived from the pattern deviation and thus highlights focal loss only. A high PSD, indicating irregular vision, is therefore a more useful indicator of glaucomatous progression, than the MD [3]
Secondary glaucoma is a collection of progressive optic nerve disorders associated with a rise in intraocular pressure (IOP) which results in the loss of vision. In clinical settings, it is defined as the occurrence of IOP above 21 mmHg requiring the prescription of IOP-managing drugs. [ 1 ]
An examiner presents a test light of variable size and intensity. The light may move towards the center from the perimeter (kinetic perimetry), or it may remain in one location (static perimetry). The Goldmann method is able to test the entire range of peripheral vision and has been used for years to follow vision changes in glaucoma patients. [3]
Over many years, glaucoma has been defined by an intraocular pressure of more than 20 mm Hg. Incompatible with this (now obsolete) definition of glaucoma was the ever larger number of cases that have been reported in medical literature in the 1980s and 1990s who had the typical signs of glaucomatous damage, like optic nerve head excavation and thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer, while ...