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This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 17 January 2025. Observation that in many real-life datasets, the leading digit is likely to be small For the unrelated adage, see Benford's law of controversy. The distribution of first digits, according to Benford's law. Each bar represents a digit, and the height of the bar is the percentage of ...
Benford's law : In many collections of data, a given data point has roughly a 30% chance of starting with the digit 1. Benford's law of controversy: Passion is inversely proportional to the amount of real information available. Bennett's laws are principles in quantum information theory. Named for Charles H. Bennett.
An Introduction to Benford's Law. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-16306-2. Theodore P. Hill (2017). Pushing Limits: From West Point to Berkeley and Beyond. American Mathematical Society and Mathematical Association of America. ISBN 978-1-4704-3584-4. Theodore P. Hill (2018). "Slicing Sandwiches, States, and Solar Systems".
Benford's law is an observation that in many real-life sets of numerical data, the leading digit is likely to be small. [21] In sets that obey the law, the number 1 appears as the leading significant digit about 30% of the time, while 9 appears as the leading significant digit less than 5% of the time.
Benford's law, named after physicist Frank Benford, who stated it in 1938, although it had been previously stated by Simon Newcomb in 1881. Bertrand's ballot theorem proved using André's reflection method, which states the probability that the winning candidate in an election stays in the lead throughout the count.
Frank Albert Benford Jr. (July 10, 1883 [1] – December 4, 1948 [2]) was an American electrical engineer and physicist best known for rediscovering and generalizing Benford's Law, an earlier statistical statement by Simon Newcomb, about the occurrence of digits in lists of data.
Benford's law, also called the First-Digit Law, states that in lists of numbers from many real-life sources of data, the leading digit is 1 almost one third of the time (33% of the time), and larger numbers occur as the leading digit with less and less frequency (as they grow in magnitude), to the point so that 9 is the first digit (of any ...
Bradford's law is a pattern first described by Samuel C. Bradford in 1934 that estimates the exponentially diminishing returns of searching for references in science journals. One formulation is that if journals in a field are sorted by number of articles into three groups, each with about one-third of all articles, then the number of journals ...