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Treatment of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia may improve endothelial function in people taking statins (HMGCoA-reductase inhibitor), and renin angiotensin system inhibitors, such as ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists. [28] [29] Calcium channel blockers and selective beta 1 antagonists may also improve endothelial ...
These cell types accelerate the healing process and prevent further complications such as hypoxia by gathering the cellular materials to reconstruct the endothelium. [19] Endothelium dysfunction is a prototypical characteristic of vascular disease, which is common in patients with autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus. [20]
Once your endothelium is damaged, your body produces inflammation as a defense mechanism. This inflammation can cause cholesterol and other substances to collect along the site of the damage.
A healthy diet abundant in fruits and vegetables has a beneficial impact on endothelial function, whilst a diet high in red and processed meats, fried foods, refined grains and processed sugar increases adhesion endothelial cells and atherogenic promoters. [32] High-fat diets adversely affect the endothelial function. [33]
A 2014 meta-analysis showed a significant positive effect of vitamin C on endothelial function in people where this function was negatively affected by atherosclerosis, diabetes or heart failure. [44] Endothelial function refers to how well the endothelium (the thin layer of cells lining the inside of blood vessels) works. [45]
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF, / v ɛ dʒ ˈ ɛ f /), originally known as vascular permeability factor (VPF), [1] is a signal protein produced by many cells that stimulates the formation of blood vessels. To be specific, VEGF is a sub-family of growth factors, the platelet-derived growth factor family of cystine-knot growth factors.
The chronic endothelial injury hypothesis is one of two major mechanisms postulated to explain the underlying cause of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (CHD), the other being the lipid hypothesis. Although an ongoing debate involving connection between dietary lipids and CHD sometimes portrays the two hypotheses as being opposed, they ...
This is in contrast to wound healing, or partial regeneration, which involves closing up the injury site with some gradation of scar tissue. Some tissues such as skin, the vas deferens , and large organs including the liver can regrow quite readily, while others have been thought to have little or no capacity for regeneration following an injury.