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In mathematics, and, in particular, in graph theory, a rooted graph is a graph in which one vertex has been distinguished as the root. [1] [2] Both directed and undirected versions of rooted graphs have been studied, and there are also variant definitions that allow multiple roots. Examples of rooted graphs with some variants.
The rooted product of graphs. In mathematical graph theory, the rooted product of a graph G and a rooted graph H is defined as follows: take | V(G) | copies of H, and for every vertex v i of G, identify v i with the root node of the i-th copy of H. More formally, assuming that
Bahasa Indonesia; Edit links. Article; Talk; English. ... This is a list of graph theory topics, by Wikipedia page. ... Root node; Root (graph theory) Operations
The term arborescence comes from French. [6] Some authors object to it on grounds that it is cumbersome to spell. [7] There is a large number of synonyms for arborescence in graph theory, including directed rooted tree, [3] [7] out-arborescence, [8] out-tree, [9] and even branching being used to denote the same concept. [9]
A graph is d-regular when all of its vertices have degree d. A regular graph is a graph that is d-regular for some d. regular tournament A regular tournament is a tournament where in-degree equals out-degree for all vertices. reverse See transpose. root 1. A designated vertex in a graph, particularly in directed trees and rooted graphs. 2.
An example for an undirected Graph with a vertex r and its corresponding level structure For the concept in algebraic geometry, see level structure (algebraic geometry) In the mathematical subfield of graph theory a level structure of a rooted graph is a partition of the vertices into subsets that have the same distance from a given root vertex.
A graph generated by the binomial model of Erdős and Rényi (p = 0.01) In the (,) model, a graph is chosen uniformly at random from the collection of all graphs which have nodes and edges. The nodes are considered to be labeled, meaning that graphs obtained from each other by permuting the vertices are considered to be distinct.
A rooted tree T that is a subgraph of some graph G is a normal tree if the ends of every T-path in G are comparable in this tree-order (Diestel 2005, p. 15). Rooted trees, often with an additional structure such as an ordering of the neighbors at each vertex, are a key data structure in computer science; see tree data structure.