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An onboard refueling vapor recovery system (ORVR) is a vehicle fuel vapor emission control system that captures volatile organic compounds (VOC, potentially harmful vapors) during refueling. [ 1 ] [ page needed ] There are two types of vehicle fuel vapor emission control systems: the ORVR, and the Stage II vapor recovery system. [ 2 ]
Vehicle emissions control is the study of reducing the emissions produced by motor vehicles, especially internal combustion engines.The primary emissions studied include hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, and sulfur oxides.
The crankcase air outlet, where the PCV valve is located, is generally placed as far as possible from the crankcase breather. For example, the breather and outlet are frequently on opposite valve covers on a V engine, or on opposite ends of the valve cover on an inline engine. The PCV valve is often, but not always, placed at the valve cover ...
If the throttling valve or device is located at the entry into a pressure vessel so that the flash evaporation occurs within the vessel, then the vessel is often referred to as a flash drum. [1] [2] If the saturated liquid is a single-component liquid (for example, propane or liquid ammonia), a part
An air purge heating unit is used to ensure that the purge air remains at a temperature above the acid dew-point. This temperature is typically around 20 °C/68 °F. [2] If temperatures are below this point, the controls will be corroded by condensation of compounds in the flue gas. Heated air ensures that controls are dry during startup. [3]
Residential drug treatment co-opted the language of Alcoholics Anonymous, using the Big Book not as a spiritual guide but as a mandatory text — contradicting AA’s voluntary essence. AA’s meetings, with their folding chairs and donated coffee, were intended as a judgment-free space for addicts to talk about their problems.
“The thing that has impressed me with this team is that they don’t get down,” Chiefs head coach Andy Reid said Monday. “That’s not what they are.
Carbon filtering works by adsorption, in which pollutants in the fluid to be treated are trapped inside the pore structure [1] of a carbon substrate. The substrate is made of many carbon granules, each of which is itself highly porous.