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A synapse during re-uptake. Note that some neurotransmitters are lost and not reabsorbed. Reuptake is the reabsorption of a neurotransmitter by a neurotransmitter transporter located along the plasma membrane of an axon terminal (i.e., the pre-synaptic neuron at a synapse) or glial cell after it has performed its function of transmitting a neural impulse.
Neurotransmission is regulated by several different factors: the availability and rate-of-synthesis of the neurotransmitter, the release of that neurotransmitter, the baseline activity of the postsynaptic cell, the number of available postsynaptic receptors for the neurotransmitter to bind to, and the subsequent removal or deactivation of the ...
The cell receiving the signal, or target cell, may be another neuron, but could also be a gland or muscle cell. [1] Neurotransmitters are released from synaptic vesicles into the synaptic cleft where they are able to interact with neurotransmitter receptors on the target cell. Some neurotransmitters are also stored in large dense core vesicles. [2]
However, on occasion transporters can work in reverse, transporting neurotransmitters into the synapse, allowing these neurotransmitters to bind to their receptors and exert their effect. This "nonvesicular release" of neurotransmitters is used by some cells, such as amacrine cells in the retina, as a normal form of neurotransmitter release. [5]
NET is a monoamine transporter and is responsible for the sodium-chloride (Na + /Cl −)-dependent reuptake of extracellular norepinephrine (NE), which is also known as noradrenaline. NET can also reuptake extracellular dopamine (DA). The reuptake of these two neurotransmitters is essential in regulating concentrations in the synaptic cleft ...
Kidney and nerve tissue cells can form memories much like brain cells, one new study has found. ... through exposure to such chemical information via neurotransmitters, or chemical messengers ...
2. Synaptic vesicle filled with neurotransmitter molecules. 3. Autoreceptor. 4. Synaptic cleft with neurotransmitter molecules. 5. Postsynaptic receptors activated by neurotransmitters (induction of a postsynaptic potential). 6. Calcium channel. 7. Exocytosis of a vesicle. 8. Reuptake of neurotransmitter.
It is thought that the hormone shifts affect levels of serotonin, the “feel-good” neurotransmitter. Allopregnanolone, a metabolite of progesterone that acts on receptors in the brain, may play ...