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For example, endogenous substances, and endogenous processes are those that originate within a living system (e.g. an organism or a cell). For instance, estradiol is an endogenous estrogen hormone produced within the body, whereas ethinylestradiol is an exogenous synthetic estrogen, commonly used in birth control pills.
While circadian rhythms are defined as regulated by endogenous processes, other biological cycles may be regulated by exogenous signals. In some cases, multi-trophic systems may exhibit rhythms driven by the circadian clock of one of the members (which may also be influenced or reset by external factors).
Endogenous processes such as volcanoes, earthquakes, and tectonic uplift can expose continental crust to the exogenous processes of weathering, erosion, and mass wasting. The effects of denudation have been recorded for millennia but the mechanics behind it have been debated for the past 200 years [ when? ] and have only begun to be understood ...
The list below shows some frequencies with which new naturally occurring DNA damages arise per day, due to endogenous cellular processes. Oxidative damages Humans, per cell per day: 10,000 [9] 11,500 [14] 2,800 [15] [16] specific damages 8-oxoGua, 8-oxodG plus 5-HMUra; Rats, per cell per day: 74,000 [14] 86,000 [17] 100,000 [9] Mice, per cell ...
DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome. [1] In human cells, both normal metabolic activities and environmental factors such as radiation can cause DNA damage, resulting in tens of thousands of individual molecular lesions per cell per day. [ 2 ]
Chronobiology is a field of biology that examines timing processes, including periodic (cyclic) phenomena in living organisms, such as their adaptation to solar- and lunar-related rhythms. [1] These cycles are known as biological rhythms.
Notable features: Brightness variable from 0%-100% | Sunset simulation | 13 preloaded alarm sounds | Numerous relaxation sounds | Night-light setting The Hatch Restore 2 is a full-featured sunrise ...
Antigen processing, or the cytosolic pathway, is an immunological process that prepares antigens for presentation to special cells of the immune system called T lymphocytes. It is considered to be a stage of antigen presentation pathways.