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Intravasation is the invasion of cancer cells through the basement membrane into a blood or lymphatic vessel. [1] Intravasation is one of several carcinogenic events that initiate the escape of cancerous cells from their primary sites. [ 2 ]
During leukocyte extravasation, white blood cells move in response to cytokines from the blood into diseased or infected tissues, usually in the direction of a chemical gradient, [1] in a process called chemotaxis. The presence of lymphocytes in tissue in greater than normal numbers is likewise called infiltration.
Invasion is the process by which cancer cells directly extend and penetrate into neighboring tissues in cancer. [1] It is generally distinguished from metastasis , which is the spread of cancer cells through the circulatory system or the lymphatic system to more distant locations.
Extravasation is the leakage of intravenously (IV) infused, and potentially damaging, medications into the extravascular tissue around the site of infusion. The leakage can occur through brittle veins in the elderly, through previous venipuncture access, or through direct leakage from wrongly positioned venous access devices.
Extravasation of irrigation fluid is the unintended migration of irrigation fluid (e.g., saline) introduced into a human body.This may occur in several types of endoscopic surgery, such as minimally invasive orthopedic surgery, i.e., arthroscopy, TURP (trans-urethral resection of the prostate), and TCRE (trans-cervical resection of the endometrium).
Angiopellosis is a critical component of the Cancer Exodus Hypothesis, which posits that circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can extravasate as multicellular clusters rather than only as single cells. According to this hypothesis, CTC clusters maintain their cohesive structure throughout the process of metastasis, which enhances their metastatic ...
Increased invasiveness of cancer cells correlates with invadopodia presence, and cancer cells have been observed to project them into the endothelium of blood vessels during extravasation, an important step in metastasis. [10] Invadopodia have also been shown to correlate with a poorer prognosis in breast cancer patients. [11]
Hematological malignancies are malignant neoplasms ("cancer"), and they are generally treated by specialists in hematology and/or oncology. In some centers "hematology/oncology" is a single subspecialty of internal medicine while in others they are considered separate divisions (there are also surgical and radiation oncologists).