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In aeronautics, the rate of climb (RoC) is an aircraft's vertical speed, that is the positive or negative rate of altitude change with respect to time. [1] In most ICAO member countries, even in otherwise metric countries, this is usually expressed in feet per minute (ft/min); elsewhere, it is commonly expressed in metres per second (m/s).
In aviation, a variometer – also known as a rate of climb and descent indicator (RCDI), rate-of-climb indicator, vertical speed indicator (VSI), or vertical velocity indicator (VVI) – is one of the flight instruments in an aircraft used to inform the pilot of the rate of descent or climb. [1]
VAM is the abbreviation for the Italian term velocità ascensionale media, translated in English to mean "average ascent speed" or "mean ascent velocity", but usually referred to as VAM. It is also referred to by the English backronym "Vertical Ascent in Meters". [1]
This becomes very useful for estimating or correcting vertical speed settings and flight path angles (FPA) during climb, descent, or approaches. If a gradient in % is required, the numbers work out with the same rule: 1% over 1 NM ≈ 60'
Speed at which exceeding the limit load factor may cause permanent deformation of the aircraft structure. [7] [8] [9] [24] V O: Maximum operating maneuvering speed. [25] V R: Rotation speed. The speed at which the pilot begins to apply control inputs to cause the aircraft nose to pitch up, after which it will leave the ground. [7] [26] [Note 1 ...
An air data computer (ADC) or central air data computer (CADC) computes altitude, vertical speed, air speed, and Mach number from pressure and temperature inputs. [1] It is an essential avionics component found in modern aircraft.
Speed constraints must be manually taken into account as the aircraft does not have an autothrottle. RNAV approaches combine VNAV navigation equipment with LNAV navigation equipment to provide both lateral and vertical approach guidance. Vertical guidance comes from WAAS GPS or a barometric VNAV (Baro-VNAV) system. The FMS provides flight ...
The average vertical speed in a landing is around 2 metres per second (6.6 ft/s); any greater vertical speed should be classed by crew as hard. Crew judgment is most reliable to determine hard landing, as determination based on recorded acceleration value is difficult and not advisable, [ 1 ] partially because there is no recording of true ...