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The Kushan Empire (c. 30 –c. 375 AD) [a] was a syncretic empire formed by the Yuezhi in the Bactrian territories in the early 1st century. It spread to encompass much of what is now Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Eastern Iran and Northern India, [16] [17] [18] at least as far as Saketa and Sarnath, near Varanasi, where inscriptions have been found dating to the era of the ...
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Kanishka I, [a] also known as Kanishka the Great, [5] was an emperor of the Kushan dynasty, under whose reign (c. 127 –150 CE) the empire reached its zenith. [6] He is famous for his military, political, and spiritual achievements.
The Sasanian–Kushan Wars were a series of wars between the newly established Persian Sasanian empire, under Ardashir I and later his successor Shapur I, against the declining Kushan empire. These wars resulted in the eastward expansion of the Sasanians who conquered much of the Kushan territory including Bactria , Gandhara and Sogdia . [ 1 ]
The subsequent Kushan Empire, at its peak in the 3rd century AD, stretched from Turfan in the Tarim Basin in the north to Pataliputra on the Gangetic plain of India in the south. The Kushanas played an important role in the development of trade on the Silk Road and the introduction of Buddhism to China .
The Rabatak inscription which gives remarkable clues on the genealogy of the Kushan dynasty was also found in the Robatak village just outside the site. The site of Surkh Kotal, excavated between 1952 and 1966 by Prof. Schlumberger of the Délégation Archéologique Française en Afghanistan, is the main site excavated of the Kushan Empire.
Map of the Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom "Kushano-Sasanian" is a historiographic term used by modern scholars when referring to a dynasty of monarchs who supplanted the Kushan Empire in the Bactria region, and ultimately in both Kabulistan and Gandhara as well. [3]
The Kushan Empire expanded into the Tarim during the 2nd century AD, bringing Buddhism, Kushan art, Sanskrit as a liturgical language and Prakrit as an administrative language (in the southern Tarim states). [87] With these Indic languages came scripts, including the Brahmi script (later adapted to write Tocharian) and the Kharosthi script. [88]