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Sheet erosion or sheet wash is the even erosion of substrate along a wide area. [1] It occurs in a wide range of settings such as coastal plains , hill slopes, floodplains , beaches , [ 2 ] savanna plains [ 3 ] and semi-arid plains. [ 4 ]
Surface runoff can cause erosion of the Earth's surface; eroded material may be deposited a considerable distance away. There are four main types of soil erosion by water: splash erosion, sheet erosion, rill erosion and gully erosion. Splash erosion is the result of mechanical collision of raindrops with the soil surface: soil particles which ...
Splash erosion is generally seen as the first and least severe stage in the soil erosion process, which is followed by sheet erosion, then rill erosion and finally gully erosion (the most severe of the four). [6] [7] In splash erosion, the impact of a falling raindrop creates a small crater in the soil, [8] ejecting soil particles. [9]
Splash erosion is generally seen as the first and least severe stage in the soil erosion process, which is followed by sheet erosion, then rill erosion and finally gully erosion (the most severe of the four). [10]: 60–61 [13] In splash erosion, the impact of a falling raindrop creates a small crater in the soil, [14] ejecting soil particles. [4]
Landscape shaped by rill erosion. Volgograd Oblast, Russia. Although rills are small, they transport significant amounts of soil each year. Some estimates claim rill flow has a carrying capacity of nearly ten times that of non-rill, or interrill, areas. In a moderate rainfall, rill flow can carry rock fragments up to 9 cm in diameter downslope.
Sheetwash or sheet erosion, in which broad sheets of flowing water evenly remove thin layers of surface material without incising channels. [18] [19] Mountain-front retreating by weathering [20] Lateral planation or erosion by a stream [21] Rillwash or rill erosion, in which flow is concentrated in numerous closely spaced minute channels. [19]
Erosion control is the practice of preventing or controlling wind or water erosion in agriculture, land development, coastal areas, river banks and construction. Effective erosion controls handle surface runoff and are important techniques in preventing water pollution , soil loss , wildlife habitat loss and human property loss.
Soil chemistry is the study of the chemical characteristics of soil.Soil chemistry is affected by mineral composition, organic matter and environmental factors. In the early 1870s a consulting chemist to the Royal Agricultural Society in England, named J. Thomas Way, performed many experiments on how soils exchange ions, and is considered the father of soil chemistry. [1]