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Most procedures in ruminants can be performed standing under sedation and/or local anesthesia. This strategy is manageable due to the types of procedures being performed, the larger size of the patient, the relative difficulty of general anesthesia, and the cost of the procedure versus the product value of the animal.
Many local anesthetics fall into two general chemical classes, amino esters (top) and amino amides (bottom). A local anesthetic (LA) is a medication that causes absence of all sensation (including pain) in a specific body part without loss of consciousness, [1] providing local anesthesia, as opposed to a general anesthetic, which eliminates all sensation in the entire body and causes ...
Cinchocaine (INN/BAN) or dibucaine is an amide local anesthetic. Among the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics, current use of cinchocaine is generally restricted to spinal and topical anesthesia. [1] [2] It is sold under the brand names Cincain, Nupercainal, Nupercaine and Sovcaine.
Using anesthesia on your pet has changed over the years. The most up-to-date method is using an intravenous injection of induction drugs. How vets make anesthesia safer and how you need to keep ...
Local anesthetics vary in their pharmacological properties and they are used in various techniques of local anesthesia such as: Topical anesthesia (surface) - Similar to topical gel numbing before getting injected with Lidocaine. Infiltration; Plexus block; Adverse effects depend on the local anesthetic method and site of administration ...
bupivacaine – local anesthetic primarily utilized pre- and post-operatively; buprenorphine – narcotic for pain relief in cats after surgery; butorphanol – mu agonist/kappa antagonist, used as a cough suppressant and for a muscle relaxation effect in horses
Intrathecal administration is often used for a single 24-hour dose of analgesia (opioid with local anesthetic). Caution should be exercised with intrathecal opioids due to the risk of late onset hypoventilation. The use of intrathecal morphine may be limited by severe pruritus and urinary retention. [citation needed]
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