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Prognathism is a positional relationship of the mandible or maxilla to the skeletal base where either of the jaws protrudes beyond a predetermined imaginary line in the coronal plane of the skull.
A double chin is a loss of definition of the jawbone or soft tissue under the chin. There are two possible causes for a double chin, which have to be differentiated. In overweight people, commonly the layer of subcutaneous fat around the neck sags down and creates a wrinkle , creating the appearance of a second chin.
Features distinguishing Weaver syndrome from Sotos syndrome include broad forehead and face, ocular hypertelorism, prominent wide philtrum, micrognathia, deep-set nails, retrognathia with a prominent chin crease, increased prenatal growth, and a carpal bone age that is greatly advanced compared to metacarpal and phalangeal bone age. [12]
A more prominent brow bone (bone across the centre of the forehead from around the middle of eyebrow across to the middle of the other) and a larger nose bone. [3] A heavier jaw. A high facial width-to-height ratio. [4] However some studies dispute this, and testosterone reduces cheekbone prominence in males. [5] A more prominent chin.
The simian shelf found in chimpanzees is not found in modern humans. It was found in a study that the human chin has no true purpose because the simian shelf in chimpanzees is to protect the jaw from the stress of eating and/or chewing. [7] The human speech mechanism also played a role in the evolution or disappearance of the simian shelf.
The category archaic human lacks a single, agreed definition. [11] According to one definition, Homo sapiens is a single species comprising several subspecies that include the archaics and modern humans. Under this definition, modern humans are referred to as Homo sapiens sapiens and archaics are also designated with the prefix "Homo sapiens".
Prominent sagittal crests are found among male gorillas and orangutans, but only rarely occur in male chimpanzees such as Bili apes. The largest sagittal crest ever discovered in the human lineage belongs to the "Black Skull", Paranthropus aethiopicus field number KNM WT 17000 , the earliest known robust hominid ancestor and the oldest robust ...
The Neanderthal chin and forehead sloped backwards and the nose region protruded forward more than in modern humans. The common shapes of the nose are not known but it was more protrusive and large than modern humans especially in the passageways, so Neanderthals could use energy much more efficiently than modern humans. [ 9 ]