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The characters allowed in a URI are either reserved or unreserved (or a percent character as part of a percent-encoding). Reserved characters are those characters that sometimes have special meaning. For example, forward slash characters are used to separate different parts of a URL (or, more generally, a URI). Unreserved characters have no ...
A query string is a part of a uniform resource locator that assigns values to specified parameters.A query string commonly includes fields added to a base URL by a Web browser or other client application, for example as part of an HTML document, choosing the appearance of a page, or jumping to positions in multimedia content.
Even though PHP's urlencode() automatically percent-encodes them, these characters do not get URL-encoded by wfUrlencode(). The ":" symbol is a partial exception – it is not encoded anywhere except for IIS 7.0.
The character sequence of two slash characters (//) after the string file: denotes that either a hostname or the literal term localhost follows, [3] although this part may be omitted entirely, or may contain an empty hostname. [4] The single slash between host and path denotes the start of the local-path part of the URI and must be present. [5]
In computer programming, Base64 is a group of binary-to-text encoding schemes that transforms binary data into a sequence of printable characters, limited to a set of 64 unique characters. More specifically, the source binary data is taken 6 bits at a time, then this group of 6 bits is mapped to one of 64 unique characters.
Most modern software is able to display most or all of the characters for the user's language, and will draw a box or other clear indicator for characters they cannot render. For codes from 0 to 127, the original 7-bit ASCII standard set, most of these characters can be used without a character reference.
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iconv – a program and standardized API to convert encodings; luit – a program that converts encoding of input and output to programs running interactively; International Components for Unicode – A set of C and Java libraries to perform charset conversion. uconv can be used from ICU4C. Windows: Encoding.Convert – .NET API [15]