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Vedanta philosophies discuss three fundamental metaphysical categories and the relations between the three. [14] [32] Brahman or Īśvara: the ultimate reality [33] Ātman or Jivātman: the individual soul, self [34] Prakriti or Jagat: the empirical world, ever-changing physical universe, body and matter [35]
The non-sentient universe is not considered an illusion (māyā), but a real manifestation of Brahman's power. [ 9 ] The philosophy draws on metaphors like the sun and its rays, fire and its sparks, to demonstrate the natural, inherent connection between Brahman and its manifestations.
Advaita Vedanta (/ ʌ d ˈ v aɪ t ə v ɛ ˈ d ɑː n t ə /; Sanskrit: अद्वैत वेदान्त, IAST: Advaita Vedānta) is a Hindu tradition of textual exegesis and philosophy which states that jivatman, the individual experiencing self, is ultimately pure awareness mistakenly identified with body and the senses, [2] and non ...
The Dvaita Vedanta school believes that God (Vishnu, Paramatman) and the individual Selfs (Atman) exist as independent realities, and these are distinct. [130] [131] Dvaita Vedanta is a dualistic interpretation of the Vedas; it espouses dualism by theorising the existence of two separate realities. [128]
The ontology in Vishishtadvaita consists of explaining the relationship between Ishvara (Parabrahman), the sentient beings (chit-Brahman) and the insentient Universe (achit-Brahman). In the broadest sense, Ishvara is the Universal Soul of the pan-organistic body consisting of the Universe and sentient beings.
Hindu cosmology is the description of the universe and its states of matter, cycles within time, physical structure, and effects on living entities according to Hindu texts.
The concept of Brahman, its nature and its relationship with Atman and the observed universe, is a major point of difference between the various sub-schools of the Vedanta school of Hinduism. Advaita Vedanta
Dvaita Vedanta (/ ˈ d v aɪ t ə v eɪ ˈ d ɑː n t ə /); (originally known as Tattvavada; IAST: Tattvavāda), is a sub-school in the Vedanta tradition of Hindu philosophy. The term Tattvavada literally means "arguments from a realist viewpoint". The Tattvavada (Dvaita) Vedanta sub-school was founded by the 13th-century Indian philosopher ...