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  2. Bond order - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bond_order

    In carbon monoxide, − C≡O +, the bond order between carbon and oxygen is 3. In thiazyl trifluoride N≡SF 3, the bond order between sulfur and nitrogen is 3, and between sulfur and fluorine is 1. In diatomic oxygen O=O the bond order is 2 (double bond). In ethylene H 2 C=CH 2 the bond order between the two carbon atoms is also 2.

  3. Oxidation state - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidation_state

    The bond-order formula at the bottom is closest to the reality of four equivalent oxygens each having a total bond order of 2. That total includes the bond of order ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠ to the implied cation and follows the 8 − N rule [7] requiring that the main-group atom's bond-order total equals 8 − N valence electrons of the neutral atom ...

  4. Superoxide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superoxide

    In chemistry, a superoxide is a compound that contains the superoxide ion, which has the chemical formula O − 2. [1] The systematic name of the anion is dioxide(1−).The reactive oxygen ion superoxide is particularly important as the product of the one-electron reduction of dioxygen O 2, which occurs widely in nature. [2]

  5. Molecular orbital diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_orbital_diagram

    The σ from the 2p is more non-bonding due to mixing, and same with the 2s σ. This also causes a large jump in energy in the 2p σ* orbital. The bond order of diatomic nitrogen is three, and it is a diamagnetic molecule. [12] The bond order for dinitrogen (1σ g 2 1σ u 2 2σ g 2 2σ u 2 1π u 4 3σ g 2) is three because two electrons are now ...

  6. Valence (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_(chemistry)

    Thus, each sulfur atom is hexavalent or has valence 6, but has oxidation state +5. In the dioxygen molecule O 2, each oxygen atom has 2 valence bonds and so is divalent (valence 2), but has oxidation state 0. In acetylene H−C≡C−H, each carbon atom has 4 valence bonds (1 single bond with hydrogen atom and a triple bond with the other ...

  7. Bond valence method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bond_valence_method

    The bond valence method or mean method (or bond valence sum) (not to be mistaken for the valence bond theory in quantum chemistry) is a popular method in coordination chemistry to estimate the oxidation states of atoms. It is derived from the bond valence model, which is a simple yet robust model for validating chemical structures with ...

  8. Transition metal dioxygen complex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition_metal_dioxygen...

    O 2 binds to a single metal center either "end-on" (η 1-) or "side-on" (η 2-).The bonding and structures of these compounds are usually evaluated by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, focusing both on the overall geometry as well as the O–O distances, which reveals the bond order of the O 2 ligand.

  9. Multiplicity (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplicity_(chemistry)

    [1] [2] However the multiplicity equals the number of spin orientations only if S ≤ L. When S > L there are only 2L+1 orientations of total angular momentum possible, ranging from S+L to S-L. [2] [3] The ground state of the nitrogen atom is a 4 S state, for which 2S + 1 = 4 in a quartet state, S = 3/2 due to three unpaired electrons. For an S ...