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The Quaker Family in Colonial America: A Portrait of the Society of Friends (1973), emphasis on social structure and family life. Frost, J. William. "The Origins of the Quaker Crusade against Slavery: A Review of Recent Literature," Quaker History 67 (1978): 42–58. JSTOR 41946850. Hamm, Thomas. The Quakers in America.
Beanite Quakerism refers to the independent tradition of Quakerism started by Quaker ministers Joel and Hannah Bean in the western United States in the late 19th century, and in a more specific sense refers to the three Western yearly meetings that spring from that tradition.
This is the oldest Quaker building in the world, still in use for worship meetings. [9] It was thrice visited by Quaker founder George Fox. [7] In December 1672, while traveling in Wales, Fox stated that his group "had a large meeting in the justice's barn, for [the justice's] house could not hold the company."
Quakers were at the center of the movement to abolish slavery in the early United States; it is no coincidence that Pennsylvania, center of American Quakerism, was the first state to abolish slavery. In the antebellum period, "Quaker meeting houses [in Philadelphia] ...had sheltered abolitionists for generations." [2]: 1
In England, Quaker schools sprang up soon after the movement emerged, with Friends School Saffron Walden being the most prominent. [89] Quaker schools in the UK and Ireland are supported by The Friends' Schools' Council. [90] In Australia, Friends' School, Hobart, founded in 1887, has grown into the largest Quaker school in the world.
The 1688 Germantown Quaker Petition Against Slavery was the first protest against enslavement of Africans made by a religious body in the Thirteen Colonies. Francis Daniel Pastorius authored the petition; he and the three other Quakers living in Germantown, Pennsylvania (now part of Philadelphia), Garret Hendericks, Derick op den Graeff, and Abraham op den Graeff, signed it on behalf of the ...
In June 1658 two Quaker activists, Christopher Holder and John Copeland came to Boston. They had already been evicted from other parts of the colony, and were exasperating the magistrates. Being joined by John Rous from Barbadoes, the three men were sentenced to having their right ears cut off, and the sentence was carried out in July. [57]
The Krefeld Quaker advocates were the brothers Abraham and Hermann op den Graeff. Their opponent was their brother Derick op den Graeff. The latter was also a co-signer of the judgment against Kaith, which excluded him from the Quaker community. He was fined five pounds by a secular court. The printer of a brochure went to prison.