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The Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird holds the official Air Speed Record for a crewed airbreathing jet engine aircraft with a speed of 3,530 km/h (2,190 mph). The record was set on 28 July 1976 by Eldon W. Joersz and George T. Morgan Jr. near Beale Air Force Base, California, USA.
Today piston engines are used almost exclusively on light, general aviation aircraft. The official speed record for a piston plane was held by a modified Grumman F8F Bearcat, the Rare Bear, with a speed of 528.315 mph (850.241 km/h) on 21 August 1989 at Reno, Nevada, United States of America.
Maximum landing gear operating speed. This is the maximum speed at which the landing gear on a retractable gear aircraft should be extended or retracted. [7] [9] [20] V LOF: Lift-off speed. [7] [9] V MC: Minimum control speed. The minimum speed at which the aircraft is still controllable with the critical engine inoperative. [7]
The maximum and cruise speed of the aircraft are 925 km/h and 811 km/h, respectively. It has a maximum range of 2,897 km and a fuel capacity of 22,106 l. The aircraft weights around 35,300 kg. The maximum take-off weight is 63,500 kg. [30]
General aviation aircraft have very small flight envelopes, with speeds ranging from perhaps 50 to 200 mph, whereas the extra power available to modern fighter aircraft result in huge flight envelopes with many times the area. As a trade-off however, military aircraft often have a higher stalling speed.
The concept of maximum operating maneuvering speed was introduced to the US type-certification standards for light aircraft in 1993. [1] [6] The maximum operating maneuvering speed is selected by the aircraft designer and cannot be more than , where V s is the stalling speed of the aircraft, and n is the maximal allowed positive load factor.
In Europe, the sporting (FAI) definition limits the maximum stalling speed to 65 km/h (40 mph) and the maximum take-off weight to 450 kg (992 lb), or 472.5 kg (1,042 lb) if a ballistic parachute is installed. The definition means that the aircraft has a slow landing speed and short landing roll in the event of an engine failure. [1]
The aircraft has a cruise speed of 360 knots (667 km/h), which is 60–90 knots (111–166 km/h) higher than its predecessors. The maximum operating altitude is 25,000 ft (7,600 m) for the standard version, although a version with drop-down oxygen masks is offered, which increases maximum operating altitude to 27,000 ft (8,200 m).